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Research Overview:
What Sayeem Has Been Doing?
Abu (Sayeem) Reaz
University of California, Davis, USA
National Instruments Interview
February 09, 2011
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Earliest Multi-Hop Network
Betterment of networks using
feasible technologies
Andreas J. Kassler, Research Opportunities at Karlstads Universitet
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Presentation Overview
• PhD Research
• Routing over Wireless and Optical Access
• Asymmetric “Capacity” Deployment and Resource Assignment
• Integrating Cloud in Access Network and Green Routing
• Wireless Highway for 3G Backhaul
• IPTV Stream Generator
• MS Research
• Location Management using DNS
• Multi-class (Vertical) Handoff Management
• Secure Paging in Handoff Management
• Opportunity for Contribution to NI
• Problem Solving
• Programming and Development
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PhD Research
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Network Architecture: WOBAN (1)
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Network Architecture: WOBAN (2)
•
WOBAN: Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network
•
Deploy broadband access network with minimum wiring: cost effective
•
An optimal combination of optical and wireless network to minimize cost and maximize
utilization and performance
•
•
Back-end: Optical access network, e.g., Passive Optical Network (PON)
•
Front-end: Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)
Optical Scenario:
1. Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) at Central Office (CO) are connected to Optical
Network Units (ONUs) via fiber
2. ONUs are connected to the wireless access network via gateways
•
Wireless Scenario:
1. A set of wireless routers form a wireless mesh network: end users are connected to
nearby router
2. Some wireless routers work as gateways, connecting the wireless network to optical
network
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Why?
WMN
+
PON
We like to have our cake and eat it too!
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Routing: The Big Picture
Efficient routing across WMN and PON: Shortest Delay
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WMN: Divide the Capacity
Asymmetric
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PON: Native Routing
Downstream:
Broadcast
Upstream:
Dynamic Bandwidth
Allocation
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Data Flow
Downstream
Upstream
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Summary
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Asymmetry in WOBAN
Traffic flows to and from the OLT
Bottleneck near the Gateways
Flow Aggregation
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As a Result…
Many “links” are not even used!
Not all nodes need the same Capacity
Traffic on Links (Mbps)
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Mixed Capacity Wireless Access
Deploy radio where needed!
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Radio Deployment: MILP
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Summary
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Resource Assignment: Challenges
Asymmetric Capacity and Flow
Need to assign both Radio and Channel
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Traffic Aggregation
Smoother instantaneous burstiness!
http://www.ams-ix.net/technical/stats/
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Channel Assignment: BLP
Intelligent Channel and Radio Assignment (ICRA)
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Summary
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Bringing Service to Users
Service = Content and/or Application
Can we bring them to closer to users?
Cloud-Integrated WOBAN (CIW)
Alix Boards
Clougplug
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Service Access: Traditional
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Service Access: CIW
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What Can We Gain
• Adds value to the network  Competitive Edge
• “Now I want to use this network!!”
• Remove device dependencies
• Any common interface: possibly a browser
• Local services requests are delivered locally
• No/Limited traffic introduced to wireless backhaul
• More room for regular mesh traffic
• Service traffic moves away from gateways
• Bottleneck reduced
• Local updates remains local
• Likelihood of stale information becomes low
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Implementations
Wisper
Firetide
Aruba/Tropos/Meraki
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Deployment of CC: MILP
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Summary
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Green Routing in CIW (GRC)
Different part of
the network is
busy at different
time of the day
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GRC
Instead of pack-and-turnoff, utilize the architecture of WOBAN:
Selective Turnoff and Load Balance
3. Load balance
for each pipe
1. Split into Zones
2. Create BW Pipe
for each Zone
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Path Computation: Auxiliary Graph
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Summary
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3G Backhaul
AT&T’s 3G cell sites are backhauled
primarily through T1 lines, which, while
adequate in the early days of UMTS, wind
up becoming a choke point as AT&T
upgrades to faster and faster network
technologies.
Connected Planet, Jan, 2010, http://connectedplanetonline.com/3g4g/news/att-doubles-3g-010510/
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3G Architecture
Is fiber capacity properly utilized?
Is copper a bottleneck?
Single point of failure?
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Without Huge Investment…
Can we develop a methodology to
• utilize fiber capacity
• reduce copper bottleneck
• create alternate paths for failure recovery
• provide better service quality to high bandwidth
application
- Broadcast TV to UE
An Overlay Network adjunct to the existing 3G
network using High Capacity Wireless Links
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Overlay Network Architecture
Links become backup
of each other
P2P High Capacity
Wireless Link
Load Sharing
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The Big Picture
Multiple Overlays
Any size,
any shape
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Overlay Placement: MILP
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Summary
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The WMN Version of the Problem
We have also investigated how an Overlay Network
can be deployed in WMN
Because of the interference within the WMN, this is actually
a “harder” problem
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and the Formulation without the Details…
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Summary
A 43-Node WMN with 3 Gateways
Tested for deployment of 1, 2, and 3 overlay links
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I and B Frame from Trace
Correlated yet Different!
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I and B Frame: Distribution
We need to generate I and B frames separately
Lognormal distribution closely approximates the frame size distribution of
I and B frames
M. Krunz and H. Hughes, “A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams,'' Proc.,
ACM SIGMETRICS, 1995.
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New Scene
Videos are constructed with scenes!
Scene length is important:
Within a scene, I frame sizes are close to each other…
Ik
∆
Ik+1
If ∆ is significant, then it’s a new scene!
M. Krunz and H. Hughes, “A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams,'' Proc.,
ACM SIGMETRICS, 1995.
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Scene Length Distribution
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Variation Within a Scene
We use the relative sizes of all
the I frames in a scene
compared to the first I frame
Addresses the variations within a scene
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Data Rate on 10G EPON
Each frame size was picked from corresponding Lognormal
distribution, but relation between scenes is not considered
Increased and continuous burstiness
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Relative I Frame Size
We use the relative sizes of the first
I frame in every scene and generate
subsequent I frame sizes in the
scene from the first I frame size
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Relative B Frame Size
We use the relative B frame
sizes compared to the I
frame size in a GoP
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Resultant Synthetic Trace
Correlated, spike free synthetic traces with proper variations
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Distribution of Frame Sizes
The frame size distributions match targeted Lognormal distributions even
though they are not generated from actual Lognormal distributions
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Original vs. Synthetic Trace
Voila!
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Data Rate on 10G EPON
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MS Research
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IP Mobility
Old point of attachment
Subnet 1
New point of attachment
IP Address 1
IP Address 2
(old location)
(new location)
Subnet 2
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SIGMA: Seamless IP-diversity based
Generalized Mobility Architecture
Basic idea: setup a new path to
communicate with CN while
maintaining the old path.
Handover process:





STEP 1: Layer 2 handover
and obtain new IP address
STEP 2: Add IP addresses
into the association
STEP 3: Redirect data
packets to new IP address
STEP 4: Update location
manager (LM)
STEP 5: Delete or deactivate
obsolete IP address
Step 3
1
2
4
5
CN
LM
Internet
Router
MH
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
1 IP Address
2 IP Addresses
1 IP Address
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Location Management using DNS
2
Location Update
DNS
Internet
3
1
Subnet 1
IP Address 1
IP Address 2
Subnet 2
CN
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Challenge
Failure
Query time > Duration in Overlapping Area
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Mobility Model
Determine if there will be a query to DNS while updating the entry
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Summary
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Multi-Class Handoff: mSIGMA
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Handoff Decision
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Performance
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Packet Trace
WLAN
to
CDMA
CDMA
to
WLAN
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Paging SIGMA: P-SIGMA
•
PA  single ID for subnets
•
Roam within PA without updating LM
•
Active and Idle MHs update DNS at
inter-PA handoff
•
Active MH updates PGW at intra-PA
handoff
DNS
PGW 1
PGW 2
Internet
Location Update
Idle MH
Active MH
Active MH
ID = X
ID = X
ID = X
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 3
= Y PA,
HandoffID
across
Location Updates
Handoff within PA, Handoff within PA,
Update PGW and DNS
Update PGW
No update
PA 1
Subnet 4
PA 2
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Paging Algorithm
•
Low mobility  last location paging
•
High mobility  fixed paging
DNS
PGW 1
PGW 2
Internet
Low mobility subnet
MH not found
High mobility subnets
MH found
MH found
paging with MAC2
paging with MAC1
paging with MAC2
paging with MAC1
Last location paging
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
PA 1
Fixed paging
Subnet 3
Subnet 4
PA 2
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Connection Initiation
•
•
PGW is lightweight LM
 updated for only
active hosts
DNS is heavyweight
LM  updated for all
hosts only for inter-PA
handoff
CN
DNS
name lookup
IP address X
Location Update
PGW 1
PGW 2
Internet
Connection INIT
Low mobility subnet
High mobility subnets
Registration with
IP address Y
Connection INIT to Y
IP address X
IP address Y
MH with MAC A
paging for A
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
PA 1
paging for A
Subnet 3
Subnet 4
PA 2
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Attack on P-SIGMA
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Free Loading
Session Hijacking
Intrusion Detection Algorithm
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Summary
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Opportunity for Contribution to NI
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Problem Solving
• Identify new challenges for NI products
• Using optimization techniques to maximize performance
• Linear Programming
• Simulated Annealing
• Apply networking techniques
• For intelligent data-flow
• Energy efficiency
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Footstep on a New Area
In a nutshell, lightRadio takes all of the essential
elements of traditional base stations and antennas and
shrinks them so that they can be distributed across the
access network -- or cloud -- and deployed dynamically
where or when capacity and coverage is needed. And
the distributed network elements are connected via
fiber-optic networks.
http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=204081
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Programming and Development
• Development of network-related products
• Design intelligent protocols for routing
• Implement upper-layer protocols using socket
programming
• Implement stack for lower-layer protocols
• Use generic programming skill to contribute to any
development
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Network Programming
• For Network layer or higher
• Use native TCP/Datagram socket
• For MAC layer
• Raw socket programming for common MAC protocols
• Send and receive data using MAC address
• IRQ to access registers
• Extract information from driver (not familiar)
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Thank you!
Contact Information:
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: 530-574-2090
Web: http://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/~sayeem/
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