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PUNIC WARS #37
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Warm Up: Describe the parts of the
Roman Republic.
PUNIC WARS
•Punic – Latin for Phoenician
•In the 200's B.C. Rome ruled Italy.
•Carthage- Wealth city in North Africa – Controlled part of Sicily
•Rome and Carthage fought for control of Mediterranean
•Rome afraid Carthage would try to take control of Rome
•Led to war
The First Punic War
•Over control of Sicily
and Western
Mediterranean
•After 23 years, Rome
wins the war.
They invented a device called a "crow" which was a
kind of wooden walkway with a sharp spike at the
end. The crow was held upright until the Romans
pulled their ship up next to an enemy ship.
In the battle for control of the
seas, Rome builds and
improves navy to win Sicily
and control of cheap grain.
Second Punic War
218 BCE
Carthage counterattacks –Hannibal
• attacked from Spain going through the
Alps with 60 war elephants during the
winter of.
•Raided Rome for the next 13 years.
Rome attacks North Africa and Carthage
•forced Hannibal to leave Rome to
defend.
•Hannibal is finally defeated
Third Punic Wars - Rome Wins
Carthage rebels against Rome’s rule.
Rome attacks Carthage and after a
three year siege and days of street fighting,
Carthage is burned.
Roman soldiers even
salt the fields so food
Cannot be grown.
Roman Expansion
By 144 BCE –Spain, Alps, Greece, Eastern Asia Minor
By 44 BCE – Gaul, Macedonia, All of Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt,
North Africa
Yellow indicates borders
in 44 BCE
“Business” of Rome was:
War
Conquest
Slaves
Plunder
Forced Trade
Monopolies
Roman Trading Partners
Political Unrest at Home
2nd Punic War destroyed many farms
Wealthy took over many farms
Some Romans gain great wealth
while some suffer
Soldiers are out of work or dead
Farmers are undercut by:
•Cheap imported grain
•Large farms
•Imported slave labor
Unemployed farmers move
to cities – few jobs available
People also upset by slave revolt
(“I am Spartacus”)
Rome's large population of slaves caused other problems.
Most slaves were treated terribly by their Roman masters.
Desperate for freedom, the slaves, led by Spartacus, rebelled for
two years.
Death of Spartacus
Some try reforms, but are
murdered
Political power by city mobs
This sets the stage for the
rise of a military dictator.