Download Definition

World History
Goal 1
The Historian’s Toolbox
Goal 1
• The learner will recognize, use and
evaluate the methods and tools valued by
historians, compare the views of historians
and trace the themes of history.
Objective 1.01
• Define history and the concepts of cause
and effect, time, continuity and perspective
Goal 1 Essential Question
• How can I use the tools of the social
sciences to understand the effects of world
history on my life today?
Objective 1.01 Essential Questions
• What is history and why should we be
interested in and study other cultures?
• How and why does history influence
mankind?
• How do historians use cause and effect to
explore history?
History
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Student Definition:
Definitions:
The aggregate of past events
A record or narrative description of past events
The discipline that records and interprets past
events involving human beings
• The continuum of events occurring in succession
leading from the past to the present and even
into the future
• All that is remembered of the past as preserved
in writing
Cause and effect
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Two events that are related
when one event makes the other occur.
The event that happens first is the cause;
the event that follows is the effect.
• Examples: Al Qaeda's hatred of US
policies - 9/11- Wars in Iraq and
Afghanistan
Continuity
• Student Definition:
• Definitions: Uninterrupted connection or
union
• The property of a continuous and
connected period of time
• Examples: Recorded time is one
continuous interconnected period of time
Time
• Student Definition:
• Definitions: The continuum of experience
in which events pass from the past
through the present to the future
• An exact moment
• An era or period
Perspective
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Position: a way of regarding
situations or topics, etc.
• Examples: Your view on the school rules,
My view of what is important in life vs.
yours, etc.
Documents
• Student Definition:
• Definition: A document is a bounded
physical representation of body of
information designed with the capacity
(and usually intent) to communicate.
• Examples: diary, journal, newspaper
article, letter, e-mail, web page, etc.
Epigraphs
• Student Definition:
• Definition: A quotation at the beginning of
some piece of writing
• An engraved inscription
• Examples: Hieroglyphics, Cuneiforms,
Sanskrit
Multiple causation
• Student Definition:
• Definition: The belief that events occur in
predictable ways and that many events
leads to others or can be the cause of one
big event
• Examples: There is never just 1 reason
wars begin
Periodization
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Periodization is the attempt to
categorize or divide time into named blocks. The
result is a descriptive abstraction that provides a
useful handle on periods of time with relatively
stable characteristics.
• Examples: Ice Age, Great Depression, World
War II
Objective 1.01 Review
• What is history and why should we be
interested in and study other cultures?
• How and why does history influence
mankind?
• How do historians use cause and effect to
explore history?
Objective 1.02
• Analyze and interpret primary and
secondary sources to compare views,
trace themes and detect bias
Objective 1.02 Essential Questions
• How does bias influence the study of
history?
• How do historians use primary and
secondary sources?
Bias
• Student Definition:
• Definition: A partiality that prevents
objective consideration of an issue or
situation
• Examples: A Nazi Camp Guard’s account
of the conditions of a concentration camp
Primary Source
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Also called an original source is
a document, recording or other source of
information, such as a paper or a picture
for instance, that was created at the time
being studied, by an authoritative source
• Examples: Diary of Anne Frank, George
Washington’s Farewell Address
Secondary Source
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Are works that are based on analysis
of primary sources, such as textbooks,
biographies, nonfiction books about history and
monographs. Many secondary sources in history
include quotations from primary sources or
illustrations that constitute primary sources.
• Examples: Your Textbook, History Channel
programs, etc.
Epics
• Student Definition:
• Definition: An extended narrative poem in
elevated or dignified language, celebrating
the feats of a deity or demigod (heroic
epic) or other legendary or traditional hero
• Examples: Illiad, Odyssey
Graphics
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Are visual presentations on
some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
computer screen, paper, or stone to brand
• Examples: Neanderthal Man’s cave
drawings, Minoan frescoes,
Michelangelo’s paintings
Literature
• Student Definition:
• Definition: The body of all written works;
The collected creative writing of a nation,
people, group, or culture
• Examples: American literature, British
literature, etc.
Oral History
• Student Definition:
• Definition: A verbal reminicense or
description of past events or experiences
• Examples: Grandpa’s war stories, Dad’s
high school football stories, etc.
Sagas
• Student Definition:
• Definition: A narrative telling the
adventures of a hero or a family
• Examples: Similar to epics, but came later
in history
Objective 1.02 Review
• How does bias influence the study of
history?
• How do historians use primary and
secondary sources?
Objective 1.03
• Relate archaeology, geography,
anthropology, political science, sociology
and economics to the study of history
Objective 1.03 Essential Questions
• What skills and sciences help us uncover
the past?
• What principles do historians use to make
reasonable inferences about the past?
Anthropology
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Anthropology is a science of
humankind. Anthropology focuses on human
characteristics generated and propagated by
humans themselves.
• Examples: It studies tools, techniques, traditions,
language, beliefs, kinships, values, social
institutions, economic mechanisms, cravings for
beauty and art, struggles for prestige.
Archaeology
• Student Definition:
• Definition: Archaeology is the study of the
human past.
• Examples: Archaeology studies human
history from the development of the first
stone tools in eastern Africa 3.4 million
years ago up until recent decades.
Artifacts
• Student Definition:
• Definition: a handmade object, as a tool,
or the remains of one, as a shard of
pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or
cultural stage, especially such an object
found at an archaeological excavation.
• Examples: Artifacts of the pop rock
generation.
Economics
• Student Definition:
• Definition: the science that deals with the
production, distribution, and consumption
of goods and services, or the material
welfare of humankind.
• Examples: the social science concerned
with the production and consumption of
goods and services
Geography
• Student Definition:
• Definition: the study of the natural features
of the earth's surface, including
topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc,
and man's response to them
• Examples: Map
Political Science
• Student Definition:
• Definition: A social science dealing with
political institutions and with the principles
and conduct of government.
• Examples: The study of the state,
government, and politics.
Sociology
• Student Definition:
• Definition: The scientific study of human social
behavior and its origins, development,
organizations, and institutions.
• Examples: Sociologists study the organization,
institutions, and development of societies, with a
particular interest in identifying causes of the
changing relationships among individuals and
groups.
• Dates are based on the birth of Christ.
• B.C. – Before the birth of Christ.
• 1st century B.C. means the first century
before Christ. Counting backwards, which
are the years 100-1 B.C. The 6th century
B.C. is 600-501 B.C.
• A.D. – “Anno Domini” – Latin for “in the
year of our Lord.” After the birth of Christ.
• The 20th century A.D. includes the years
A.D. 1901-2000.
• BCE – Before the Common Era = B.C.
• CE – Common Era = A.D.
Objective 1.03 Review
• What skills and sciences help us uncover
the past?
• What principles do historians use to make
reasonable inferences about the past?
Objective 1.04
• Define the 5 themes of history and relate
them to the study of history
Objective 1.04 Essential Question
• What aspects of human life do historians
study?
Society
• Student Definition:
• Definition:
• Examples:
Technology
• Student Definition:
• Definition:
• Examples:
Economics
• Student Definition:
• Definition:
• Examples:
Politics
• Student Definition:
• Definition:
• Examples:
Culture
• Student Definition:
• Definition:
• Examples:
Objective 1.04 Review
• What aspects of human life do historians
study?
Goal 1 Review
• How can I use the tools of the social
sciences to understand the effects of world
history on my life today?