Download World History H

World History H
Cabrera
Unit 1
Vocabulary
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Geography
Prehistory
Anthropology
Culture
Archaeology
Artifact
Historian
Nomad
Animism
Domesticate
Civilization
Polytheistic
Pictogram
City-state
Cultural diffusion
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Silt
Delta
Dynasty
Pharaoh
Mummification
Hieroglyphics
Demotic
papyrus
Ziggurat
Cuneiform
Criminal law
Civil law
Barter economy
Money economy
Monotheistic
• Covenant
• Prophet
• Diaspora
What you MUST know…(for now)
7 continents, 5 oceans
Egypt & The Nile
India & The Indus Valley
China & The Yellow River
The Middle East & Mesopotamia
Timelines and Types of Calendars
How does a timeline work?
BCBCEADCEhttp://community.dur.ac.uk/4schools/History/Ti
meline.htm
Historians
Historians study the events and cultures in the
past. They examine artifacts and clothing, art
world , tombstones, etc.
What is pre-history?
• The beginning of recorded history.
Approximately 5000 years ago some cultures
began to keep records
• - Names and dates
Why is history challenging for
historians?
They may encounter personal feelings or ideas
that might persuade their research in another
direction.
-personal experiences
-cultural backgrounds
-political opinions
Also, there are different types of historians!
Primary vs. Secondary Sources
Primary Source
Secondary Source
Sourcing, Analyzing & Synthesizing
Civilization Begins
Prehistory – 3000 B.C.
32 questions
Understanding Our Past
• * Archaeologists learn about the human
past by studying artifacts, or objects
made by people, such as tools,
weapons, pottery, clothing, and jewelry.
(Pre-History, before writing)
• * Historians reconstruct the past by
studying written evidence such as
letters or tax records and visual
evidence such as photographs or films.
• Must evaluate information for reliability
Geography, the study of
people and their environments
• * Geographers study five major themes
– Location, where a place is on the surface of the Earth
– Place, physical and human characteristics of a location
– Interaction, how people have shaped and been shaped
by the places where they lived
– Movement, movement of people, goods, and ideas
– Region, places with similar unifying physical, economic,
or cultural features
The Dawn of History
• *Old Stone Age or Paleolithic
age, until about 10,000 BC
– The people were know as hunter
gatherers or nomads
– People made tools, digging sticks,
spears and axes from natural
materials
– Learned to build fires and wear
clothing
– Developed spoken languages
– Religions began
Sungir, Russia, buried
some 25,000 years ago
*New Stone Age or Neolithic
Age….11,000 years ago
• *Humans learned to farm, a
development that transformed
the way people lived
– Planting seeds and
domesticating animals
• * By about 5,000 years ago, the
advances made by early farming
communities led to the rise of
civilizations.
– Social hierarchy
– Accumulation of personal property
– New technologies
Beginnings of Civilizations
• *Cities, first rose in
river valleys
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Water
Farming
Renewable soil
Animals
Transportation
*Eight basic features common to
most early civilizations:
• Cities
– In fertile areas producing a food surplus
• Well-organized central governments
– Needed to maintain order and the surplus
– Divine Right
– Bureaucracy developed
• Complex religions
Marduk
– Polytheistic, believing in many gods
God of Thunder
– Controlling the natural forces and human activities
– People created ceremonies, temples and priests to
intervene with the gods on behalf of the people
• Job specialization
– Artisans, priests, farmers, weapons maker and soldiers
Features
• Social classes
– The importance of the persons job
ranked them socially
• Arts and architecture
– Temples to the gods
– Places for the rulers
• Public works to benefit the city
– Defensive walls, irrigation systems,
roads and bridges
• Writing
– Pictograms
– Leaders needed to keep records