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Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Basic Characteristics •Aquatic environments •Sessile-they can’t move •Heterotrophic filter feeder •Respirations & Excretion carried through water •No nervous System •Reproduce Sexually(hemaproditic) & Asexually •Asymmetric symmetry Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Water flow Osculum Central cavity Pores Choanocyte Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte Special Adaptations • Regeneration • “collar cells” have flagella to filter food • Large opening in top of sponge where water exits Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” The Good And the Bad • Make up coral reefs • Protect land from waves • Animal habitat • Consumer products Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” For Example…. • Euspongia bath sponge • Glass sponges • Tube sponges • Finger sponges Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” Basic Characteristics •Radial Symmetry •sting and capture food •Aquatic, mostly marine •Two body forms •Movement: Polyp= sessile, Medusa= free-swimming •Asexual and sexual reproduction Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” Special Adaptations • NEMATOCYSTS-stinging cells • Coral= colonial • Have nerve nets (network of nerve cells that allow it to detect stimuli) Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” The Good And the Bad • Coral reefs-aquatic habitats • Symbiotic relationships-Sea Anemone • Can be deadly-Man O war Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells” • • • • For Example…. Hydra-Man O war Jellyfish Sea Anemone Coral reefs Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Basic Characteristics • Symmetry: Bilateral • Parasites (absorb), carnivores, scavengers • Aquatic(fresh & salt), Terrestrial, within a host • Reproduction: Asexual (REGENERATION) and sexual • acoelomate -no body cavity • CEPHALIZATION or a head with ganglia or small brain = mouth & anus (detect light) PLANARIA Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Special Adaptations • One opening to digestive system, mouth&anus • rely on diffusion to get oxygen • eyespots to detect light • move by cilia and body muscle • reproduce asexually by fission & regeneration and sexually by being hermaphrodites, contain both male & female parts Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms The Good And the Bad • Free living flatworms often eat dead matter • Flukes are parasitic flat worms • Tapeworms, eat your digested food. Schistosoma mansoni Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms For Example…. Parasitic Tapeworm Non-parasitic planaria Parasitic Liver fluke Phylum Nematoda “roundworms” Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Basic Characteristics • Symmetry: Bilateral • Carnivores, Parasites, Scavengers • Habitat: Aquatic, terrestrial, within a host, very diverse • Reproduction: Sexual (internal fertilization) Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Special Adaptations • Two body openings, mouth & anus • Pseudocoelom-false body cavity • Diffusion carries nutrients and wastes Phylum Nematoda Roundworms • • • • The Good And the Bad Used in scientific research Phylum well know for parasite species Some parasite worms can clog blood vessels Other worms eat host digested food Phylum Nematoda Roundworms • • • • For Example…. Hook worms Trichinosis Ascaris (Heartworms) C. Elegans Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” Basic Characteristics • Symmetry: Bilateral • Feeding: Carnivores, Scavengers, Parasites, very diverse • Habitat: Terrestrial and Aquatic • Reproduction: Mostly sexual (external fertilization for separate sexes), some species are hermaphroditic Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” – – – – Special Adaptations Well-developed nervous system (brain and nerve cords Coelom-first to have true body cavity Closed circulatory system-does not rely on diffusion Hydrostatic Skeleton-longitudinal and circular muscles Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” The Good And the Bad • Decomposer, earthworms • Medical uses, leeches • Important part of food chain, terrestrial & aquatic Phylum Annelida “segmented worms” For Example…. • Earthworms • Leeches • Polychaetes, marines annelids Germ Layers Roundworms Pseudocoelomate Segmented worms Coelomate Flatworms Acoelomate Ectoderm Nervous system, epidermis of the skin, pituitary, lens of eye Mesoderm Muscles, skeleton, notochord, circulatory system, kidney, reproductive system Endoderm Lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, epithelial lining of lungs, many endocrine glands Phylum Mollusca “the mollusks” Phylum Mollusca “soft body” Basic Characteristics • Bilateral Symmetry • Herbivores, Carnivores, Filterfeeders, Scavengers, or Parasites • Aquatic and Terrestrial • Movement: Motile (very diverse ways, even jet propulsion!) • Reproduction: Sexual (often external fertilization Phylum Mollusca “soft body” Special Adaptations • Gastropods – – – • Bivalves: – – – • shell-less or single-shelled mollusks, use muscular foot to move ex: slugs, snails Respire through diffusion Have two shells held together by muscles Ex: clams, oysters, mussels Respire with gills Cephalopods – Squids, Octopi, and Chambered Nautiluses – Show very intelligent, learned behaviors – Feet with suckers Phylum Mollusca “soft body” The Good And the Bad • Large food source for humans and other animals • Live symbiotically with other organisms • Some are filter feeders, decomposers • Used in scientific research Phylum Mollusca “soft body” • • • • • • For Example…. Clams Oysters Nautilus Snails, slugs Octopus Squid Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin” Basic Characteristics • Radial Symmetry • Carnivores and scavengers • Marine • Motile, most use tube feet • Reproduction: Sexual (external fertilization) Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin” Special Adaptations • • • • Spiny skin Internal skeleton Water vascular system Tube feet (suction), used to pry open clams, oysters Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin” The Good And the Bad • Important in predator of urchins, clams • Bio-indicators of marine life • Crown-of-thorns, destroyed extensive areas of coral, especially the Great Barrier Reef Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin” • • • • For Example…. Sea Cucumbers Sea Urchins Brittle Star Sea Stars Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages” Phylum Arthropoda “jointed legs” Basic Characteristics • Bilateral Symmetry • Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores • Aquatic and Terrestrial, VERY diverse habitats • Motile, using well-developed groups of muscles • Sexual Reproduction(internal and external fertilization) • Open Circulatory System Basic insect internal structure HEAD THORAX ABDOMEN ANTENNA *Legs are always attached to thorax Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages” Special Adaptations – – – – – – – Exoskeleton of chitin, molting Jointed appendages Respiration: tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs Can taste and smell with mouthparts, antennae & legs Heightened sense of hearing and detecting movement Specialized mouthparts for eating almost anything Many can fly-have spread everywhere! Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages” The Good And the Bad • Many insects cause damage – Termites, Lice – Mosquitos(spread disease, malaria) – Locusts • Many Insects contribute to life – Pollinate plants – Produce honey, wax, silk – Sometimes we eat them! METAMORPHOSIS Adult Adult Eggs Eggs Nymph Larva Adult Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis Nymph Pupa Nymph Immature Adult Larva Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages” For Example…. Spiders •Horseshoe crabs •Tarantulas •Ticks •Scorpions • • • • • Crustaceans Crabs Lobsters Shrimp Crayfish Barnacles Insects •Centipedes •Millipedes •Beetles •Flies •Wasps
