Download Superintelligence

Information Systems in
Organizations
6.0 Artificial Intelligence
The AI Revolution: The Road to Superintelligence
• One thing that definitely needs to happen for Artificial General Intelligence(AGI) to be a possibility is an
increase in the power of computer
hardware.
• AGI with an identical level of intelligence and computational capacity as a human would still have significant
Collective
advantages over humans. Such as: Speed, Size and Storage, Reliability and Durability, and ____________
capability.
• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): Sometimes referred to as Weak AI , is AI that specializes in one area.
• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Sometimes referred to as Strong AI, or Human-Level AI, refers to a
computer that is as smart as a human across the board.
Superintelligence
The future of humanity in the
age of superintelligent
machines
Bill Gates Says You Should Worry About Artificial Intelligence
Stephen Hawking and __________
• Bill Gates, along with ________________
Elon Musk fears that
artificial intelligence could pose a threat to humanity.
• Gates echoed concerns that something vaguely resembling the science
The Matrix franchises
fiction scenarios from _______________
The Terminator and ____________
could come to pass if the potential of artificial superintelligence is not take
seriously.
• Elon Musk put down $10 million of his own money to fund an effort to
keep artificial intelligence __________.
friendly
• When the guys most likely to benefit from a new technology see a need
for it to be ________________,
there’s probably something worth
put on a leash
worrying about.
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
Three types or calibers of AI:
• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
• Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)
ANI: Chess Program
AGI: Human Level Intelligence
ASI: Superintelligence
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
ANI is everywhere:
• Google maps
• Autonomous cars
• Spam filters
• Google translate
• Travel bookings
• Manufacturing
• Facebook suggestions
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
2010 Flash Crash:
• ANI caused stock market
to plummet
• $1 trillion decline in value
• Quick recovery
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
• AGI is imminent
• AGI is extremely complex and
difficult
• Requires enormous
computational power
(remember Moore’s Law?)
• Companies are spending
billions of dollars
• Google
• IBM
• Cross domain optimization
Wait But Why: The AI Revolution
Computers still have a hard time with tests like these, but for how long?
Blue Brain Project
^ Click image to watch video
What is AGI?
• The concept of “general intelligence” refers to the capacity for efficient cross-domain
.
optimization.
• Four operational definitions for AGI: The Turing Test, The Coffee Test, The Robot College
Student Test, and The Employment Test.
• Another idea often associated with general intelligence is the ability to transfer learning
from one domain to other domains.
• To pass the Employment Test, AI programs must have at least the potential to completely
.
automate economically important jobs.
AGI Tests
• The Turing Test
• The Coffee Test
• The College Student Test
• The Employment Test
Turing test
• The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable
from, that of a human .
• Common understanding has it that the purpose of the Turing Test is to determine whether a computer could
.
imitate a human.
• The format of the test allows the interrogator to give the machine a wide variety of intellectual tasks.
• Since human behavior and intelligent behavior are not exactly the same thing, the test can fail to accurately
measure intelligence in two ways:
1)Some human behavior is unintelligent .
2)Some intelligent behavior is inhuman
Alan Turing (1912-1954)
• Father of AI and computer science
• Cryptanalyst during WWII
• Cracked code that enabled Allies victory
• Contributions to physical sciences (see
Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction)
• Prosecuted by UK and punished with
chemical castration for being gay
• Died of cyanide poisoning
• Receives public apology in 2009 and royal
pardon in 2013
Depictions
• Breaking the Code (1986 Play)
• Breaking the Code (1996 BBC Special)
• The Imitation Game (2014 Film)
From AGI to ASI
What is Watson?
• Watson answers questions by analyzing unstructured data by using natural language
processing and presenting answers and solutions based on supporting evidence and
quality of information found.
• To answer a question, Watson:
• searches millions of documents to find thousands of possible answers
• Collects evidence and uses a scoring algorithm to rate the quality of this evidence
• Ranks all possible answers based on the score of its supporting evidence
• To learn a subject , all related materials are loaded into Watson, such as Word
documents, PDFs and web pages.
IBM Watson
• Analyzes unstructured data
• Understands complex questions
• Learns human constructs like
language, culture, and context
IBM Watson
^ Click image to watch video
WBW: From AGI to ASI
Discussion Questions?
• What do you think about the premise that human consciousness is a
function of computational power?
• What is the role of free will?
• What do you think the future holds?
• What happens when you google laser cats?
In-Class Activity…
The Turing Test and Mitsuku
In-Class Activity…
Expert Systems