Download 1.Introduction to the Art of Speaking

Public speaking
• Public speaking is the art,
process, or act of effectively
addressing the public to inform,
persuade, or entertain them.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Public Relations Specialist
Sales Representative
Human Resources Specialist
Radio and Television Broadcaster
Radio and Television announcer
Editor
Speech Teacher
Advisor
Public Speaking Objectives
• To study the process of preparing a speech
• To study the elements of speech presentation
• To be aware of certain presentation errors that
can negatively affect a speech evaluation
•
To learn the basic steps in making a good
impression
Preparation
A. Informal speeches occurs in many
areas of adult life.
• 1. Committee meetings
• 2. Job interviews
• 3. College seminars
B. When preparing, one of the most
important factors for success is
pre-speech analysis.
Analysis Areas
• a. Occasion
– 1. Why are you speaking?
– 2. Where are you speaking?
– 3. What is your purpose?
– 4. Who is your audience?
• b. Interests of Listeners
– 1. Is your topic one of
interest or concern to the
audience?
Analysis Areas
C.
Personal experiences and
interests
1. Are you dealing with
familiar information?
2. Are you interested about
your material?
2. Information Sources
a. Personal experience
» 1. be careful -- a personal
experience can’t be so exclusive to
your life that it has no relevance to
someone else!
b. Interviews with experts
c. Library materials
» 1. encyclopedias
» 2. audiovisuals (TV news specials,
etc..)
Supporting information
 Support ideas
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Examples
Definitions and clarifications
Comparisons and contrasts
Statistics and facts
Quotations from authorities
. Prepare an introduction that will
capture your audience’s attention
Types of Speeches
–
–
–
Informative speech: speech to educate
an audience about a topic.
Persuasive speech: speech that
attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs
or values of an audience.
Entertaining speech: speech making fun
of people, institutions, or events to
solicit humorous feedback
Types of Communication
• Two (2) Basic Types of Communication
– Verbal communication: the practice of all
varieties of speech and writing.
– Nonverbal communication: facial expressions,
body movements, gestures, and appearance
that take place during the transmission and
reception of messages.
• Most communication, or as much as 65% of
communication is nonverbal.
Various Forms of Communications
• Intrapersonal communication:
within oneself
• Interpersonal communication:
with two or more people
• Small group communication:
with a small number of persons
• Public Communication:
delivery of a speech to an audience
• Mass Communication:
communication via media
Common Presentation Errors
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nervousness
Too quiet
Too fast
Poor expression
Common Presentation
Errors
F.
G.
H.
I.
Hesitations (ummm… ahhh…)
Trembling voice
Poor eye contact
Content lacking logic,
evidence, facts
Common Presentation
Errors
 J.
 K.
 L.
 M.
 N.
Playing with the PEN
Wet hands
Fast moving back and forth
Clichés “You know…”
Saying “Thank You” at the
end
Symptoms of Stage fright
Trembling lips.
Fast pulse.
Sickness.
Dry mouth
Cold hands.
Trembling knees
Visualization strategies
• Concentrate on how good you are at public
speaking.
• Pretend you are just chatting with a group
of friends.
• Close your eyes and imagine the audience
listening, laughing, and congratulate.
• Remember happy moments from your past.
• Picture the audience at a glance.
Strategies in advance of
program
Be really well prepared.
Start an extra practice.
Gets individual or group public
speaking practices?
Read a poem.
Strategies in advance of
program
• Expect hard and easy questions.
• Organize your speaking notes.
• Absolutely memorize your opening
statement
• Practice, practice, and practice.
• Get in shape in a persuasive manners
Strategies when the program
begins
• If legs are trembling, shift legs or move
• Do not try to hold the microphone by hand
in the first minute.
• Don't hold notes.
• Take quick drinks of tepid water.
• Use eye contact. It will make you feel less
isolated.
• Look at the friendliest faces in the
audience.
• Joke about your nervousness
Strategies to reduce fear
Know Your Environment
Know Your Audience
Know Your Speech
Learn to Relax
Visualize a Successful Speech
Strategies to reduce fear
Know that the Audience Wants you to Succeed
Do not Apologize for Your Apprehension
Concentrate on the message (not your fear)
Gain Experience
Evaluate Yourself
Effective Public Speaking
 Tell jokes if you're good at telling jokes.
If you aren't good, best to leave the jokes
behind.
 Gentle humor is good in place of jokes.
Self-deprecation is good, but try not to lay
it on too thick
How to use the public
speaking environment
Try not to get stuck in one place.
Use all the space that's available to you.
Move around.
One way to do this is to leave your notes in one
place and move to another.
If your space is confined (say a meeting room or
even presenting at a table) use stronger body
language to convey your message
The Speech Communication
Process
Speaker
Message
Channel
Listener
Feedback
Interference (noise)
Process of communication
speaker: transmits ideas or
information to the receiver
• Encoding: the development of information
form the thoughts, feelings, or ideas in
the mind of the source through the
process of selection, formulation and
organization.
• Code: verbal or nonverbal symbols
Process of communication
Message:
the information or ideas conveyed
to the receiver
Decode: to be able to translate code
into an understandable language
Process of communication
3.Channel: the means by which the
message is sent to the receiver
4. Listeners (Audience): whom the
message is sent
5. Feedback: verbal and nonverbal
response to a message
Process of communication
• Noise:
the interference or barriers during the
transmittal of a message
Conversation and Public
Speaking similarities
Organizing your thoughts logically
Tailoring your message to your audience
Telling a story for maximum impact
Adapting to listener feedback
Public speaking and conversation
Public speaking
o
o
o
Public speaking is more highly structured
public speaking requires more formal
language (Slang, jargon, and bad
grammar)
Public speaking requires a different
method of delivery (people talk quietly)
Public speaking and
conversation
Conversations:
oral communication with members of
your family, friends, and coworkers
Public Speaking in a MultiCultural World
• Language
– Specific language
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Sexual preference
Disability
Religion