Download Journal 9/4:

The Process of
Communication
Chapter 2
COMMUNICATION MODEL
SENDER
MESSAGE
FEEDBACK
RECEIVER
COMMUNICATION MODEL

Sender: one who transmits a message.
• EXAMPLES:
• Margaret writes a letter to her friend. Margaret is
the sender.

Message: the information being sent.
• EXAMPLES:
• Susan says “HELLO” to her teacher. “HELLO” is
the message.
COMMUNICATION MODEL

Receiver: one who intercepts and decodes
a message.
• EXAMPLES:
• Mary yells across the room at Sue. Sue is the reciever.

Feedback: the reactions of the receiver to
the message of the sender, consisting of
words or nonverbal symbols.
• EXAMPLES:
• After Sue hears what Mary says. She yells back. Yelling
back is the feedback
Deciding to Communicate

We rely on memory to be able to
communicate
• Memory:
• 1.The brain’s storage bin
• 2. the power, act, or process of recalling facts
previously learned or past experiences.
Answer this question on
your fill in notes:
“How do I use memory
to communicate?”
Deciding to Communicate

Thinking: the ability of humans to
understand, conceive, and
manipulate ideas.
• Humans can put two or more ideas
together and produce NEW ideas.

Reasoning:
• 1.The ability to think, form judgments,
•
and draw conclusions
2.the process of putting evidence
together into a logical argument.
Deciding to Communicate

Fields of Experience: areas of
knowledge, interest, or involvement.

We rely on fields of experience as
communicators because they allow us
to more easily communicate with
others.
•
EXAMPLES:
• We all go to Tidwell MS everyday, so our
experiences are aligned.
• Mark and Tom both play soccer. Talking about
soccer will be easier for them than someone
who does not know soccer.
Choosing Symbols


There is no way to dump our ideas from
our head into someone else’s head.
In order to communicate, we must use
code.
• Code: a symbol system.
• EXAMPLES:
• English Alphabet (A, B, C, D…)
Answer this question on
your fill in notes:
“What codes do I
Choosing Symbols

We have to manipulate code in 2 ways.
• Encode: To put a message into symbols.
• EXAMPLES:
• Taking an idea or thought and saying it aloud in
•
language.
Journaling/Writing down our thoughts.
• Decode: To translate incoming information or
messages into understandable concepts.
• EXAMPLES:
• Someone says something out loud, you hear it and
are able to understand what they said.
Choosing Symbols

Symbols: Anything that stands for an
idea and is used for communication.
• EXAMPLES:
Choosing Symbols

There are two types of symbols.
•
Verbal Symbols: Spoken or written language symbols
or words.
• EXAMPLES:
•
•
•
A book
A speech
Nonverbal Symbols: any means used to encode ideas
without words, including gestures, facial expressions,
and movements.
• EXAMPLES:
•
•
Smile/Frown
Rolling Eyes
Choosing Symbols

Paralanguage: the ways in which you
say words, including volume, pitch,
speaking rate, and voice quality, as well
as sounds that are not words.
• EXAMPLES:
HELLO
WOW
WHAT
Choosing Symbols

Parts of Paralanguage:
• Volume:
• Pitch:
• Speaking rate:
• Voice quality:
• Stress:





Volume: the loudness or quietness of sound.
Pitch: the highness or lowness of sounds.
Speaking rate: the speed at which one talks.
Voice quality: the uniqueness of vocal sound
that enables people to recognize others by
their voices alone.
Stress: the amount of emphasis placed on
different syllables in a word or on different
words in a sentence.