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What evidence of
European culture
can be seen here in
Mexico?
Reasons for the Age of
Exploration
Europe was getting crowded in some cities, and certain
groups during the Reformation like the French
Calvinists the Huguenots began looking for safety in
religious freedom.
Other groups wanted to spread Christianity outside of
Europe.
The new thinking by many during the Renaissance,
combined with new nautical and navigational inventions
was a recipe for adventure…
God, Gold, and Glory
We can’t forget the Vikings, though. In about
the year AD 1000, the Vikings from
Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland)
explored Northern Europe and then reached all
the way to North America.
Why was religious
freedom a cause for
people to leave the Old
World?
In 1572, nearly 8, 000 Huguenots were killed during a
wedding of Henry of Navarre to Catherine de Medici’s
Catholic daughter Marguerite de Valois. It was
Catherine that ordered the massacre.
St. Bartholomew Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici herself went to visit the
carnage the next day.
Other reasons for exploration?
During and after the Renaissance, many people in
Europe began to want to know more about the world
they lived in. While new discoveries were being made in
science, courageous explorers discovered new lands
over the oceans for possibly the first time.
Put a compass and an astrolabe in the latest, fastest,
most maneuverable ship, supply yourself with the
latest and best maps available, find a man with nothing
to lose or everything to gain and tell him he will be rich
beyond reason, and that it all has God’s approval as you
spread Christianity, and what else could you expect…?
Portuguese Explorers
Tagus River in Lisbon, Portugal
The Discoveries Monument
(or Monument to the
Discoveries) was built in
1960 to celebrate the
500th anniversary of
the death of Prince
Henry the Navigator,
who sponsored many of
the Portuguese
explorers of the 16th
century. The
Discoveries Monument
has statues of all the
great Portuguese
explorers such as Vasco
de Gama and Magellan.
The monument also has
a map that chronicles
Portugal's empire
building around the
world.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Morocco, Africa
When Henry took
control of the
African port of
Cueta, Portugal
ruled the passage
to the
Mediterranean.
• Portuguese sailor, lived 1394 - 1460
• father was King John I of Portugal
• member of the Order of Christ, formerly
the Knights Templar
• is credited with developing the caravel, a
faster, more maneuverable ship (Niña and
Pinta were caravels)
• wanted to spread Christianity, get spices,
and find the legendary Christian city of
Prestor John
• after defeating the Muslims of Morocco,
Africa, Henry wanted to explore more
• Henry did not travel on these voyages. He
only paid for and encouraged them.
All the famous explorers of the
time used the caravel. It
could hold about 20 men, but
were usually less than 100
feet long.
1434 - Henry’s expedition’s were the
first to go into “The Sea of
Darkness” and pass Cape Bojador in
1434. It took 15 attempts and as
many years. Eventually his voyagers
made it all the way to the equator
on his dime.
1445 - Cape Verde
Bartolomeu Diaz - Portuguese (ca.1450 – 1500)
Dias “unknowingly rounded the African continent in a
storm and made landfall at what is now Mossel Bay. On
his return voyage he discovered what he called the
Cape of Storms (Cabo Tormentoso), later re-named the
Cape of Good Hope.” (Infoplease.com)
… so? What do you need to grasp?
In 1488 Bartolomeu Diaz was the first to sail around
the tip of Africa and reach the Indian Ocean.
“…Although Dias did not find any sign of an African
Christian, his voyage established a sea route from
the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean and Asia. In
1497 Dias accompanied Vasco da Gama on a voyage as
far as the Cape Verde Islands, and in 1500 he joined
Pedro Alvares Cabral's westward expedition. Dias
sailed near South America on the way to Africa, and
spotted land at Espírito Santo in Brazil, calling it the
"Land of the True Cross." Dias's ship went down in a
storm and he perished at sea sometime in late May
(Cabral went on to make landfall in Brazil)… –
Infoplease.com and enchantedlearning.com
… so? What’s the meat and potatoes?
Dias was also one of the first
Europeans to see Brazil and South
America
The Cape of Good Hope is often thought to be the southernmost
tip of the African continent. It is not. That title belongs to
Cape Agulhas. (GoogleEarth for location of CGH)
Time Out for
Know Your Huguenots!
Did you know?
… a community of French Huguenots had been seeking
religious freedom in the Netherlands? In 1687 they
arrived at the Cape of Good Hope, courtesy of the
Dutch government for their skilled labor abilities.
There is still a
Dutch
influence
there today…
1497 Vasco da Gama used Diaz’s discovery
and 10 years later swung his ships wide
out into the Atlantic before whipping
around the southern tip of Africa and
landing along the eastern African coast
and finally India in 1498
Vasco da Gama was the first to reach India
from Europe by sea
Europe an Voyages of Exploration: Asia:Vasco da Gama/Dias
DaGama’s
Route
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese explorer who was the
captain of the first voyage to sail
completely around (circumnavigate) the
world in 1519-1522
Magellan was also the person who gave the
Pacific Ocean its name due to its calm waters.
“Pacifico” means peaceful.
In South America,
the Strait of
Magellan is named
after him since he
was the first to sail
through it.
Columbus and Magellan
Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494
The Spanish Pope,
Alexander VI, gave
preference to Spain
when he agreed to the
Treaty of Tordesillas.
Which country in South
America still speaks
Portuguese today
thanks to this treaty
and line of
demarcation?
Hint: They are known for having the
best team in the world.
Also exchanged between the Old World and
the New World was the transfer of slaves.
Crossing the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to
the Americas took about a month. Many of
the slaves sadly did not survive the journey.
The crossing of the Atlantic was called the
Middle Passage.
Triangular trade
Assessment Review #1