Download Communication

Communication
Kelly Markus
Samantha Williams
What is Communication?
“Communication is the
ability to share
information with people
and to understand what
information and
feelings are being
conveyed by others”.
-Project Para
Why is Communication
essential?
• Understanding roles and assignments
• Planning and carrying out learning
activities
• Coordinating approaches with students
• Providing information to teachers on
students progress and behaviors
• Building a positive relationship with
students, teachers, and other staff.
•
-Project Para
The Communication
Process
Communication
Methods
Experts say communication
is composed of different
methods:
• Words
• Tone
• Non-Verbal Clues
Conversation and Verbal
exchange Facts
• WORDS are 7%
Effective
• TONE OF VOICE
is 38% Effective
• NON-VERBAL
CLUES is 55%
Effective
- it’s news
The Six Rules Of
Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
We would all like honesty from all who
communicate with us.
We all want Logical Reasoning and
explanations from the person who is
communicating with us.
Respect is absolutely essential in
communication.
We all want to be accepted and cared
for by the people we are
communicating with and to.
Our Children look for consistency from
their elders. Consistency between
words and actions must occur
Communication is a two way process.
-Najemy
Non-Verbal
Communication
Elements of Non-Verbal
Communication
•
•
•
•
VISUAL
TACTILE
VOCAL
USE OF TIME,
SPACE, AND
IMAGE
Examples of Non-Verbal
Communication
• Eye contact- Regulates the flow of
communication
• Facial Expressions- Smiling, frowning, ect.
• Proximity- rocking, leg swinging, Tapping,
Gaze aversion
• Paralinguistic- Tone, pitch, rhythm, timbre,
loudness, inflection
-Ritts and Stein
Verbal Communication
Strategies of Effective
Communication
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Body Language
Clarity of message
Tone of voice
Eye Contact
Energy
Attitude
Confidence
What is Verbal
Communication?
Verbal Language is
spoken or written
Words. It comes in
three forms:
• Formal Language
• Informal Language
• Slang
Culturally Effective
Communication
• “Communication is the
essential skill utilized by
a teacher. It is vital to
be a culturally competent
communicator. A teacher
must be able to identify
the blockage in
communication that is
occurring”.
-Cerny, Jerry
Barriers to Effective
Cultural Communication
• Ethnocentrism- Inability to accept another
persons culture’s world views.
• Discrimination- Differential treatment of an
individual due to minority status: actual and
perceived.
• Stereotyping- Generalizing about a person while
ignoring presence of individual differences.
• Cultural Blindness- Differences are ignored and
one proceeds as though the difference does not
exist.
• Cultural Imposition- Belief that everyone
should conform to the majority.
-Cherny, Jerry
Bridging Cultural
Differences
Everyone Has a Culture
Take time to collect relevant cultural information
Hold all judgments
Notice differences in understanding of teaching & learning
Involve cultural resources into lessons and activities
Collaborate to develop educational strategies
-Jerry Cerny
Communication and
Students With Disabilities
While the majority of a student’s program
should be as closely aligned with the general
education curriculum as possible, some
accommodations and modifications may be
necessary. There are some ways to aid students
with specific learning disabilities learn more
effectively at home or at school. The selection
of which accommodation will be used should be
based on the child’s individual needs.
Accommodations for Effective
Communication with students with
Disabilities
• Sign Language
• Captioning Media
• Amplification and
Headphones
• Note Takers & Copying
Notes
• Visual Aids
• Extended Time
• Seating, Placing, and
Alternate arrangements
• Tape Recorder
Communication in the
Classroom
The teacher should…
• Speak Slowly, your students
will have more time
understanding what you are
saying
• Look at your students
• Welcome Students questions on
any topic
• Write a short outline of lesson
on the board in advance, this
helps students follow along
• Write each key team on the
board
Communication with
Parents/Guardian's
The teacher should…
•
Have phone conferences.
•
Report cards and interns
•
Weekly "good behavior" notes.
•
Notices about what is going on in the
classroom.
•
conferences.
•
Annual individualized education programs
(IEPs).
•
Point sheets about child’s behavior
•
Always be positive !!!!!
-Pearson Education
Parental Communication
with the Teacher
• Make a list of questions that you
might have for the teacher.
• Always be positive
• Volunteer in the classroom to help
teacher
• Attend Iep meetings
• Don’t focus on teachers
shortcomings
• Keep focus on your child
• Praise the teacher if you feel
necessary
• BE INVOLVED!!!!
-Exceptional children assistance center
Parental Involvement
Facts
Recent studies have shown that
parents that are involved in a child’s
education creates positive outcomes.
• Higher grades
• Academic achievement throughout school
• Positive attitude
• Good behavior
• Effective schools are created when
involvement occurs
-University of Illinois
Special Education and
Communication
“Parent should communicate well with
your child’s school system. This is
especially vital when your child has a
disability. The Family of education has
eight guidelines for parents to help
improve communication and special
education.”
-Margy Davidson
Eight Rules of Communication
in Special Education for
Parents
• Keep a journal or folder of all
communications with your child’s school.
• Put everything discussed in writing
• Always have a pleasant toned voice
• Keep it to the point
• Keep copies of all letters that come home
and also signed letters by administration,
teachers, and yourself.
• Get written confirmation that your letter
was received
-Margy Davidson
Communication and the
School
The school can…
• Provide parents the information they need to
assess their child’s progress
• Have a telephone system set up so that parents
can leave teacher’s messages.
• Provide a listing of each teachers school email
address
• Provide agendas for students at beginning of year
• Arrange open houses every nine weeks for parents
to come in to the school.
• Monthly calendars about events happening in the
school
• Arrange conferences teachers and parent
Tactful Communication
Think before you speak
Apologize quickly when you blunder
Converse, don’t compete
Time your comments
Focus on behavior- not on personality
Uncover hidden feelings
Listen for feedback
-Gabor
Twelve Roadblock to
Effective Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Ordering, commanding, directing
Warning, threatening
Moralizing, preaching, giving “shoulds” and “oughts”
Advising, offering solutions and suggestions
Teaching, lecturing, giving logical arguments
Judging, criticizing, disagreeing, blaming
Name-Calling, stereotyping, labeling
Interpreting, analyzing, diagnosing
Praising, agreeing, giving positive evaluations
Reassuring, sympathizing, consoling, supporting
Questioning, probing, interrogating, crossexamining
12. Withdrawing, distracting, being sarcastic,
Diverting
-Para Project
Active Listening
The most effective method of
communication is active listening.
There are five guidelines to effective
Listening:
1. Let the other person talk without
interrupting.
2. Look into their eyes
3. Do not criticize or give advice
4. Ask questions for a concise understanding
5. Affirm whether or not you understand
--Najemy
Elements of Listening
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attentiveness of speaker
Eye contact
Intention be fully awake and aware
Openness: to other person and your own
Paying attention
Listening to yourself
Feedback
Body Language
Change in Pattern
Expectations about the person speaking,
about their message, about their agenda
-It’s Time
Characteristics of
Effective Feedback
• Descriptive
• Avoid accusations
• Describe your own reactions and
feelings
• Suggest more acceptable alternatives
• Specific rather than general
• Focused on behavior not he person
• Feedback is useful will well-timed
• Share information
• It is checked to insure clear
communication
Resources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guide
bk/teachtip/commun-1.htm
http://www.itstime.com/aug97.htm
Exceptional Children’s assistance center ”How to have a good
relationship with your teacher”
http://www.urbanext.ujuc.edu
www.teachervision.com
http://ss.uno.edu.SS/TeachDevel/Com/CultureComm.html
http://familyeducation.com/article/0,1120,23-28281,00.html
http://1stholistic.com/Reading/liv communication-with-children4.htm
http://selfgrowth.com/articles/Najemy7.html
http://para.unl.edu/para/Communication/lesson2.html
http://para.unl.edu/para/Communication/lesson3.html
http://para.unl.edu/para/Communication/lesson1.html
http://web.cba.neu.edu/~ewertheim/interper/commun.htm
http://www.pcc.edu/resources/disability/learning-accomm.htm
www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/succeed/09-communication.html
http://www.fif.org/olt2a/olt2aparentteachercom.htm