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PowerPoint Presentation Prepared by: Suzanne J. Atkin, Portland State University This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Why Study Public Speaking? • Personal Benefits • Professional Benefits • Public Benefits Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Why Study Public Speaking? • Personal benefits – Acquire academic skills – Gain knowledge – Build self-confidence Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Why Study Public Speaking? …continued • Professional benefits – Advance in your career – Secure employment • Public benefits – Play your role as a member of society Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Definition of Communication • The process of sharing meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues – Interpreter – Symbol – Referent •People create meaning; words do not Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Levels of Communication • • • • • Intrapersonal Interpersonal Group Public Mass Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Levels of Communication • Intrapersonal – Cognition or thought; communicating with one’s self • Interpersonal – Communication between individuals in pairs; also called dyadic communication • Group – Three or more people interacting and hoping to influence one another to pursue a common goal Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Levels of Communication …continued • Public – One person communicating face to face with an audience • Mass – One person or group communicating to a large audience through some print or electronic medium Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 Elements of Communication • Speaker – The sender, encoder, or source of the message • Encoding – The process of selecting symbols to carry a message • Message – Ideas communicated verbally and nonverbally • Listener – The receiver, or decoder, of the message • Decoding – The process of attaching meanings to symbols received Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 Elements of Communication …continued • Feedback – Verbal and nonverbal responses between communicators about the clarity or acceptability of messages • Channel – The way a message is sent • Environment – The occasion, social context, and physical setting for communication Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 Elements of Communication …continued • Noise – Anything that distracts from effective communication • Physical Noise – Distractions originating in the physical environment • Physiological Noise – Distractions originating in the bodies of communicators • Psychological Noise – Distractions originating in the thoughts of communicators Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Communication Elements Model Figure 1.2 Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Public Speaker as Critical Thinker • Critical Thinking – The logical, reflective examination of information and ideas to determine what to believe or do. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Critical Thinking Skills This skill. . . enables you to. . . Focusing Define problems, set goals, select information Information Gathering Formulate questions, collect data Remembering Store and retrieve information Organizing Arrange information Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Critical Thinking Skills …continued This skill. . . enables you to. . . Analyzing Clarify existing information Generating Use prior knowledge Integrating Combine, summarize, and restructure information Assess the quality of ideas Evaluating Adapted from Robert J. Marzano, Ronald S. Brandt, Carolyn Sue Hughes, Beau Fly Jones, Barbara Z. Presseisen, Stuart C. Rankin, and Charles Suhor, Dimensions of Thinking: A Framework for Curriculum and Instruction (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1988) 66, 70–112. Copyright 1988 by ACSD. Reprinted with permission of the publishers. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. What’s The Take Home Message? • Public speaking skills can help you personally, professionally, publicly • Communication is the process of shared meaning • There are five levels of communication • There are seven elements of communication • Public speaking exercises eight critical thinking skills Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.