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IB History: Nation-Building
A. Causes of the War
1.
Impressment
a. Britain and France were
fighting a war in Europe
b. Britain began capturing
American sailors and
“impressing” them, or
forcing them to work on
British ships
c. By 1807, Britain had
seized more than 1,000
American ships
2.
Embargo Act of 1807
a. President Jefferson
convinced Congress to
declare an embargo (ban
on trade)
b. Jefferson believed the
embargo would hurt
Britain, but it really hurt
America
c. In 1809, Congress ended
the embargo with all
countries except Britain
and France
3.
America’s Desire for
Canada
a. Americans saw that
Canada was not welldefended by Britain
b. Americans wanted
more land and
believed that people
in Canada would
want to join the
United States
c. Also wanted to
Annex Florida
4. American Resentment
a. (Going back to the days of
independence and the Revolutionary
War.)
5. Inciting of Indians
b. Americans believed the British were
inciting the Indians to rise up against
them and raid American settlements.
6. British Perspective
a. Feared Americans would interfere
with their war effort against France.
Wanted to stop trade.
b. Needed sailors for its all out
commercial war against France.
c. Feared American expansionism.
B. The War Hawks
1.
2.
3.
A group of Republican
Congressmen from the South
and West
Wanted war against Britain
Led by Senator John C.
Calhoun of South Carolina
and Henry Clary of
Kentucky
C. Election of 1808
1.
2.
James Madison, a
DemocraticRepublican, won
In the Spring of 1812,
Madison decided to go
to war against Britain
D. The War in Canada
1.
2.
3.
Americans were
unprepared for war
The British captured
Detroit and the
Americans failed to
capture Canada
Many Native
Americans helped the
British because they
wanted to stop
Americans from taking
more land
Tecumseh
E. The War at Sea
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The U.S. Navy was young
and outnumbered
British Navy was largest in
the world (Over 600)
U.S. Navy; 18 sailable ships
In November of 1812, the
British blockaded the
Chesapeake and Delaware
Bays
The blockade grew
throughout the war
By 1813, most American
ships were unable to leave
their ports
F. The War on Land
1.
Battle for Washington
a. The British invaded
Washington, D.C. in 1814
b. British soldiers burned
the Capitol, the White
House, and other public
buildings
c. Before the British burned
the White House, Dolley
Madison saved a famous
painting of George
Washington
d. Women often traveled
with husbands and acted
as spies at times.
1) Laura Secord
2.
Battle at Fort McHenry
a. Francis Scott Key: an
American lawyer and
prisoner of the British
b. Saw an American flag
flying over Ft. McHenry
after the battle
c. The flag inspired Key to
write “The Star-Spangled
Banner”
1) Original named
“Defence of Fort
McHenry.”
G. The Battle of New
Orleans (1815)
1. The most
famous/important
battle of the War
2. Americans were lead
to victory by General
Andrew Jackson
3. The battle continued
even after the war
ended because word
did not reach the
Americans for several
weeks
H. The Treaty of Ghent
1. On December 24, 1814,
British and Americans
met in Ghent, Belgium to
negotiate a peace treaty
a. Didn’t solve original
problem of
impressment
2. Results of the war:
a. Britain and American
became better allies
b. America gained
respect from other
countries
A. Effects of the War- United States
1. Gained respect from Britain and other nations.
2. Andrew Jackson becomes war hero and later
president.
3. Increased nationalism with defeat of a world
power. (US felt like they won)
4. Contributed to the demise of the Federalists
who opposed the war.
5. Improvement of military officers through
training at places like West Point.
A. Effects of the War- United States
6. Helped open up the west.
7. Detrimental to American Indians.
- Losers of the war
- Gave up more territory
- Suffered significant casualties
B. Effects of the War- British North America
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Withstood Americans despite being outnumbered
10-1; increasing nationalism and support of Britain.
Treaty of Ghent did little else but stop the war.
Indian problems decline with US settlement in the
Northwest Territory.
American “war hawks” concluded BNA would not
be easy to bring into the Union.
a. Threat from U.S. fades away
Led to defined borders by late 1810s.
a.
These include the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 and the
Convention of 1818.
B. Effects of the war on British North America
6. Growth of colony had continued.
7. Right of Search ended with Napoleonic Wars
a. right of a belligerent to stop a merchant vessel of a neutral state
on the high seas
8. A trade increase occurred and continued in
the Maritimes with increased prosperity for the
fur trade along the St. Lawrence.
9. British and French Canadians had contributed fully
in the defense which began to foster unity in BNA.
10. Roots of Canadian nationalism grows.
11. Ultimately starts process to Canadian
Confederation.
End
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