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Post WWII and The Cold War Era •USII.8abc The United States & Soviet Union •Emerged as SUPERPOWERS after WWII The United Nations • An international organization that debates world issues and tries to keep peace • Formed near the end of WWII to prevent future wars After WWII Japan: • Adopted a democratic form of government • Resumed selfgovernment • Became a strong ally of the United States After WWII •The U.S. felt it was in its best interest to rebuild Europe to prevent political and economic instablililty Containment •The policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile powers; a policy of blocking communist expansion. Marshall Plan • U.S. plan to provide massive economic aid to Western Europe after WWII and to stop the spread of communism Named after George C. Marshall who made the announcement Germany was partitioned into: West Germany- Became democratic Resumed self-government (after a few years of American, French, and British occupation) East GermanyRemained under domination of Soviet Union & did not adopt democratic institutions Capitalism •An economic system based on private property and free enterprise •U.S.A. has this type of system Converting from: Wartime to peacetime • Following WWII, Americans prospered due to an expanding economy stimulated by America’s involvement in the war Reasons for rapid growth of American economy following WWII • With rationing over, business converted from production of war materials to consumer goods • Americans purchased goods on credit Examples of businesses converting from the production of war materials to consumer goods: • Combat boots to tennis shoes • Fighter jets to passenger airplanes • Parachutes to nylon stockings • Production of war vehicles to family automobiles • More reasons for rapid growth of American economy following WWII: • Workforce went back to men • Women returned to family duties • Labor unions merged & became more powerful • Workers gained new benefits and higher salaries A “Booming” economy: • As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women re-entered the labor force in large numbers The Cold War •Tension between the USA and the Soviet Union without actual fighting Origins of Cold War • Differences in goals and ideologies between the U.S. and the Soviet Union • The U.S. : Capitalist and Democratic • The Soviet Union: Dictatorial and Communist During the Cold War the Soviet Union controlled: •Eastern European countries NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Stated that “an armed attack against one or more of (the member nation) shall be considered an attack against all” • Military alliance of Democratic nations formed to guard against Soviet/Communist attack Warsaw Pact •Counterpart of NATO • Had military force that the Soviet Union controlled to guard against a NATO/Democratic attack The Korean War •ended in a STALEMATE China •Aided North Korea during the Korean War Domino Theory • If one country is taken over by communism then all surrounding countries fall to communism • Coined by President Eisenhower referring to the spread of communism into South Vietnam The Vietnam War • Americans were divided over whether the U.S. should be involved in Vietnam. • The conflict ended in a ceasefire agreement in which U.S. troops withdrew The Cuban Missile Crisis • An event during the Cold War that brought the USA and the Soviet Union close to a nuclear war • The Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba • The USA responded by a naval blockade & the Soviet Union turned back The collapse of the Soviet Union and Communism in Europe •The destruction of the Berlin Wall •The break up of the Soviet Union into independent countries America’s New Challenges AFTER the Cold War • Role of U.S. military involvement • Environmental problems • Global trade and jobs • Diseases • Energy FINALLY!!! You’re finished! •Go home and STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!