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WARM UP
• Get out a piece of notebook paper and DO NOT
write your name on it.
WARM UP: SYNTHETIC SNOWBALL
• American Imperialism is like… because……
UNIT 4: RISE TO WORLD
POWER (1890-1920)
DAY 2:THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR AND
AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898)
• Spanish-American War (1898) – officially a war to protect the rights
of Cubans who were being tormented by their Spanish rulers. The
controversial sinking of the battleship USS Maine brings America
into a war with Spain. The U.S. attacks both Cuban and The
Philippines (Spanish possessions). After a U.S. victory, Cuba is
liberated and the Philippines become a U.S. territory. The U.S. was
able to prove its military power. U.S. enters the world stage as a
world power.
REASONS FOR SPANISH-AMERICAN
WAR
A. American Interests in Cuba
• America had millions
invested in Cuban sugarcane plantations.
• Americans sympathized with
Cuban rebels
• Jose Marti – Cuban
poet deliberately
destroyed property,
especially American
property in Cuba,
hoping to provoke the
U.S. into helping Cuba
against Spain.
• Valeriano Weyler –
(Spanish general) put
an estimated 300,000
Cubans in
concentration camps
so they could not aid
Cuban rebels.
REASONS FOR SPANISH-AMERICAN
WAR
B. Yellow-Journalism – exaggeration of the news
• Newspapers exaggerated stories of the Cuban Revolution
in order to sell newspapers.
• New York Journal & New York World – told stories of children
being thrown to sharks, poisoned wells and “Butcher”
Weyler’s brutality. These two newspapers fueled the fire for
war.
REASONS FOR SPANISH-AMERICAN
WAR
C. De Lome Letter
• The Spanish Minister to the
United States writes a letter
called President McKinley
“weak and a pleaser of the
crowd.” A Cuban rebel
stole this letter from the post
office and leaked it to the
newspaper. When the letter
was posted in the paper it
brought outrage from the
American people that
someone would talk about
the President like that.
REASONS FOR SPANISH-AMERICAN
WAR
D. Sinking of the Maine
• A week after the De Lome letter was printed, the navy
battleship, the U.S.S. Maine was sent to Cuba to pick-up
Americans in danger and to protect American property in
Cuba. It explodes in the Harbor of Havana, Cuba killing 260
men. American newspapers claimed that the Spanish had
blown up the ship but at that time no one really knew the
cause of the explosion.
THE FIGHTING
A. War on 2 Fronts
Cuba (Caribbean Sea) and The Philippines (Pacific Ocean)
and the war lasted 4 months.
B. Battle in the Philippines
• The 1st battle of the
Spanish – American war
took place here. The U.S.
won control of the
Philippines. Naval
Commodore George
Dewey led the Navy for
the U.S. in the battle.
C. Cuba – revolts against Spain
for independence.
• Rough Riders – Volunteer
cavalry unit under the
command of Theodore
Roosevelt and Leonard Wood.
The Battle of San Juan Hill was
led by an uphill charge by the
Rough Riders and two African
American regiments. The victory
cleared the way for the infantry
to attack San Juan Hill.
Roosevelt was given credit for
being the hero of San Juan Hill
despite the fact that he and his
men played a minor roll.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
The Rough Riders
Painting of the Battle of San
Juan Hill
DISCUSSION QUESTION
• How do you think being in the “Rough Riders” and fighting in
the Spanish-American War affect Roosevelt’s political career?
RESULTS OF FIGHTING
• Treaty of Paris – Ended the Spanish-American War
and gave control of Spanish territories to the U.S.
•
•
•
•
Spain freed Cuba
Guam – U.S. control
Puerto Rico – U.S. control
Philippines – sold to U.S. for 20 million
AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM
• U.S. expansionism – As industrial
might matures, the U.S. looked to
new markets in foreign lands and
U.S.’s sense of destiny to spread
democracy throughout the
world. United States economic
influence spreads through the
Pacific.
• Henry Cabot Lodge – a
Republican Senator and friend
of Theodore Roosevelt, he
supported American expansion
as a way to increase national
pride, spread civilization, and
gain world power.
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
1. Alaska – William Seward, Secretary of State
arranged for the U.S. to buy Alaska from Russia in
1867 for 7.2 million dollars. 1959 Alaska becomes a
state. Alaska very rich in land, timber, minerals, and
oil.
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
2. Hawaii –
• United States placed a coaling station in 1860 for warships
crossing the Pacific Ocean.
• In the 1890s, American businessmen in conjunction with U.S.
officials in Hawaii deposed Queen Liliuokalani and argued for
U.S. annexation.
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
2. Hawaii –
• Sanford B. Dole – first president
of Republic of Hawaii and
helped Hawaii become
annexed to the United States
• The Spanish-American War
revealed Hawaii’s strategic
military importance and
annexation occurred in 1898.
• In Hawaii the U.S. established a
naval base at Pearl Harbor.
• Hawaii – U.S. places naval
stations in Hawaii to protect
world trade.
• Missionaries – many
missionaries were in China and
Hawaii; their work helped link
the United States with Asia
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
3. Puerto Rico
• General Nelson A. Miles ran the
country under military rule for
the U.S. at first.
• Foraker Act – ended military
rule and set up a civil
government controlled by the
U.S. The President would
appoint a governor and
members to the upper house of
its legislature. They would be
able to elect only members of
the lower house.
• 1917 – Puerto Ricans were
granted U.S. citizenship and
allowed to elect both houses of
their legislature.
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
4. Cuba – Gained independence after the war.
• Platt Amendment – U.S. insisted that this be part of Cuba’s
Constitution. Cuba becomes a protectorate of the U.S.
• Protectorate – A country whose affairs are partially controlled
by a stronger power.
• The U.S. wanted to be able to protect American business in
Cuba.
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
5. Philippines
• Philippines did not want to be annexed by the U.S.
• Rebel for independence
• War Lasts 3 years
• U.S. sets up a government similar to Puerto Rico and they
gradually move to independence on July 4, 1946.
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
6. China – was a big market that
imperialistic countries pursued.
• Open Door Policy – allowed the
U.S. to be able to trade in China
• U.S. economy depended
on exports
• U.S. had right to intervene
to keep foreign markets
open
• Feared that closing of an
area to American products,
citizens, or ideas
threatened U.S. survival.
• Missionaries – many missionaries
were in China and Hawaii; their
work helped link the United States
with Asia
FOREIGN LANDS AND TERRITORIES
UNDER U.S. CONTROL
6. China –
• Spheres of Influence –
area’s where each
nation claimed special
rights and economic
privileges. The countries
that exercised their
sphere of influence
over China included:
•
•
•
•
•
France
Germany
Britain
Japan
Russia
• Boxer Rebellion
• Chinese peasants want
to rid China of all foreign
influence. Foreign
nations combine forces
led by the U.S. and
defeated the rebels.
CRITICAL WRITING QUESTION #2
• Day 2: What does Sanford Dole and missionaries
sent to Hawaii have in common?