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World War II Essential Questions • In what ways did the peace settlement with Germany at the end of World War I make a new world war with Germany more likely? • How was Hitler able to rise from obscurity and lead millions of Germans to embrace the extreme and violent ideas of the Nazi Party? • Why were the Western democracies unable to find a way to contain or stop Hitler from rearming and seizing one territory after another in the run up to all-out war? • What led the Japanese to attack the U.S., thereby provoking it into entering the war in the Pacific? • What advantages ultimately enabled the Allied forces to prevail against both Germany and Japan in World War II? • In what ways was World War II a “total war”? Versailles, June 1919 From left to right: – Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain – Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy – Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France – President Woodrow Wilson of the United States The Versailles Treaty • • • • Land Reparations War guilt League of Nations The Versailles Treaty (continued) Map showing German territory lost and the Rhineland DMZ • German army reduced • Germany barred from having tanks, an air force, or submarines • Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland The League of Nations Although President Wilson was the driving force behind the creation of the League of Nations, the United States did not join it. Rise of the Nazis • Germany’s economic woes • Political instability • Fascism • National Socialist German Workers’ Party Adolf Hitler The Nazis promoted a view of Germany as surrounded by enemies and threatened on all sides The Nazis Gain Power Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933