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GOAL 3 PART 2 Spanish American War (1898) IMPERIALISM Essential Standards and Generalizations USH2.H.3 Understand the factors that led to exploration, settlement, movement, and expansion and their impact on United States development over time. USH2.H.3.1 Analyze how economic, political, social, military and religious factors influenced United States imperialism Generalizations: • International competition for political and military control over limited resources, such as land and water, can lead to open conflict. • Successful displays of national power typically create a more patriotic populace. • A powerful nation founded on democratic principles, such as freedom and equality, can sometimes infringe on the principles of other people and nations in order to improve its own status. What I should know… How the desire for new trade markets by industrialized countries like England, Germany, Russia, Japan and the United States impacted the distribution of global power and authority at the onset of the 20th Century. 2. How and why the United States gained territory and influence in the Pacific leading up to and as a result of the Spanish American War (e.g., Samoa, Hawaii, Alaska and the Philippines). 3. How and why the United States became involved in the Spanish American War and the implications of that war on American foreign policy. 4. How the leaders and citizens of other nations reacted to the expansion of United States power and influence within their countries and others (e.g., Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Hawaiians and Filipinos). 1. American Interest in Cuba • SPAIN owns the Philippines and Guam (Pacific) Cuba and Puerto Rico (Caribbean) • U.S. WANTS Cuba!!! 1st War for Cuban Independence • Cuban rebelled against Spain….U.S. sympathy went out toward Cubans! • Legacy: Cuban slavery was abolished! • U.S. Reaction: INVEST!!!! Spain’s Response to American intervention / Cuban Revolt • Spain sends Valeriano Weyler – to restore order in Cuba • Used barbed-wire concentration camps • Cubans could not receive aid / medical attention – nearly 300,000 people died 3 CAUSES OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) (1) Yellow Journalism (indirect) (2) De Lome Letter (indirect) (3) U.S.S. Maine explosion (Direct) Territories that are ANNEXED through events of Spanish American War (1) Cuba (FREE) (2) The Philippines (3) Guam (4) Puerto Rico Headline Wars / Yellow Journalism • Yellow Journalism – introduced in the Spanish American War (1898) • The sensational style of writing, which exaggerates the news in order to lure and enrage readers • Example: Cuban children being thrown to sharks (1) William Randolph Hearst (2) Joseph Pulitzer • A perfect example of the type of sensationalyellow journalism –here from a news paper-look at details –see all the American propaganda! Pulitzer (left) & Hearst (right) fight over the War How long shall Cuban women be the victims of Spanish outrages and lie sobbing and bruised in loathsome prisons? How long shall women passengers on vessels flying the American flag be unlawfully seized, stripped and searched by brutal, jeering Spanish officers, in violation of the laws of nations and of the honor of the U.S.? How long shall American citizens, arbitrarily arrested while on peaceful and legitimate errands, be immured in foul Spanish prisons without trial? How long shall the U.S. sit idle and indifferent within sound and hearing or rapine and murder? •HOW LONG? yellow journalism William Randolph Hearst • “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war” - William Randolph Hearst (Spanish American War) - Interpretation: as long as pictures are taken…Hearst will write outrageous stories to support a war between Spain and the U.S. De Lome Letter • Written by a Spanish minister • Cuban rebel (intercepted) the letter and put it in the hands of the Americans • Topics: President McKinley and America were WEAK! De Lome apologized, but America got really angry! The U.S.S. Maine EXPLODES!!!! • ***** THE MAIN (Maine) CAUSE OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) ***** • President McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home American diplomats (Havana Harbor) • Feb 15, 1898…the U.S.S. Maine EXPLODED, killing 260 Americans U.S.S. Maine Explosion War Erupts between Spain and America • U.S. battle cry for U.S intervention in Cuba / against Spain = “Remember the Maine” Congress declares war and its on! What caused the Spanish American War DIRECTLY…INDIRECTLY??? War in the Philippines: - First battle of the Spanish American War (Not Cuba, like Spain expected!) War in the Philippines • FIRST BATTLE OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR • Leader: George Dewey • U.S. gained support by the Filipinos – oppressed by Spain and wanted freedom! End of the War in the Philippines: • Manila: Philippine Capital, Spain surrendered…. Now we need to go to Cuba! SP War in Pacific And… back to Cuba… • ***Rough Riders*** (in Cuba!) • A volunteer Calvary in the Spanish American War led by TEDDY ROOSEVELT: Most famous Rough Rider / Proved himself…later to become President in 1900 1908 • Rough Riders: landed in Cuba, 1898, Port of Santiago • Famous Rough Rider Battles: Kettle Hill & San Juan Hill • Result: Spanish surrender!... SP War in Caribbean Roosevelt’s Rough Riders Treaty of Paris • August 10, 1898..Spain and America meet in Paris to discuss an “armistice” = cease fire agreement! • Results: • Cuba = FREE • Guam = Owned by America • Philippines = Purchased by America • Puerto Rico = Owned by America TREATY OF PARIS (August 12, 1898) • ENDED the Spanish American War!!! • Secretary of State JOHN HAY called the Spanish American War a *** “SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” *** - lasted only 16 weeks! *** Important result of the Spanish American War = America emerged as a “World Power!” •Spanish and American War was referred to as a “Splendid Little War” •Cost of war in terms of loss of life and money was minimal •US became a world power as a result of this war. •Gained the following areas: •Philippines •Guam •Puerto Rico Cartoon-Sp& US War FOR EXPANSION AGAINST EXPANSION ■Keep up with European nations ■Desire for prestige ■Theory of racial superiority ■Provide market for surplus goods and investments ■America’s vastness provided enough of an outlet for the country’s energies ■America should not rule over other peoples Imperialists •Theodore Roosevelt •William Mckinley •William Randolph Hearst •Joseph Pulitzer Anti-Imperialist League •Mark Twain •Andrew Carnegie •Susan B. Anthony US goal was always expansion Cartoon-USExpansion1