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Download The Spanish – American – Cuban War
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10-30-07 Obj: To understand the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War Focus: Define Imperialism and the causes of American Imperialism. The Spanish – American – Cuban War Chapter 18 Section 2 Terms and Names Jose Marti Valeriano Weyler yellow journalism USS Maine George Dewey Rough Riders San Juan Hill Cuban Political Instability • Spain controlled both Puerto Rico and Cuba • Cubans frequently rebelled against Spain • 1868 – 1878 Cubans fought their first war against Spain for independence • 1886 - Forced Spain to get rid of slavery • America began to invest in sugar plantations in Cuba • 1884 – US abolished tariff on Cuban sugar which caused production to take off • 1894 – High tariff was restored and destroyed Cuba’s economy 2nd War for Independence • Jose Marti –Cuban poet & journalist –Organized Cuban resistance by encouraging Cubans to destroy American owned property –Wanted America to help in the resistance against Spain American Opinion • Business people wanted the US to support Spain and protect their businesses • Others were excited for the Cuban cause –“Cuba Libre!” Valeriano Weyler • Spanish General • Sent to Cuba to restore order • Moved 300,000 people into concentration camps • Thousands died from hunger and disease within two years Yellow Journalism • Newspaper and magazine articles that exaggerate events to get the attention of the readers. • William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal • Joseph Pulitzer – World Newspaper • Some reporters made up wild stories The DeLome Letter • February 1898 • Enrique Dupuy deLome, Spanish minister to the United States • Wrote a private letter criticizing President McKinley • The letter was published in the New York Journal • DeLome resigned his position The USS Maine • The USS Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American lives and property • February 15, 1898 – the ship exploded and sank • Spain was blamed for the attack April 20, 1898 America declares war on Spain! War in the Philippines • The first battle took place in the Philippines • The Philippines were owned by the Spanish for over 300 years • May 1, 1898 George Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Manila Bay (Philippines) US Forces Invade Cuba • Admiral William T. Sampson sealed the Spanish fleet in Santiago harbor • Showed the strength of the US Navy • Army landed in Cuba in June 1898 • The US Army had little supplies and poor leadership Rough Riders • A volunteer cavalry • Led by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt • Along with African – American troops, captured San Juan Hill Treaty of Paris of 1898 • August 12th – United States and Spain • signed an armistice to end the war. December 10th – United States and Spain agreed: 1) Cuba would become independent 2) Spain would give Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States 3) United States would pay Spain $20 million for the Philippines Annexation of the Philippines • Some Americans disagreed with annexing the Philippines – It’s a violation of the Declaration of Independence (denying self – government to a country) – America should settle its own problems first – Immigrants from the Philippines would take American jobs Closure… • Create a Diagram of the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War. – …it may look like this… Cause 1 Spanish-American War Effect 1
