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What are the 4 changes to
the American System that
came from the Market
Revolution.
AND
Give an example of each.
Tariff of 1816:
- British goods were cheaper
than domestic goods
- Britain flooded the American
market with goods after the
War of 1812
- This tariff would raise the
price of British goods,
making domestic goods
more competitive
- Most “Northerners”
approved of the tariff, while
most “Southerners” did not
- The tariff passed when Clay
and Calhoun endorsed it
(remember these names?)
Second B.U.S.:
- Regional system made it
difficult to do business in
different parts of the
country
- The 2nd BUS was not as
controversial of an issue as
the tariff
- Allowed for one currency to
be available in all regions
- Chartered by Congress in
1816 for 20 years
Transportation:
- Needed a better
transportation system over
land
- Mostly funded by the
individual states
- The National Road
(connected Maryland to the
Ohio River Valley)
- The Erie Canal made NYC a
dominant port city (like
Boston and New Orleans)
In 1815, President Madison hoped to unite (bring
together) the country’s diverse economies. The plan was
endorsed by many, even long time Madison critics Clay
and Calhoun!
As the presidents added new territories to the United States, settlers pushed into those new
areas. However, as territories grew in population, a problem would surface.
States as of 1818:
- 10 “Free states”
- 10 “Slave states”
States as of 1819:
- 11 “Free states”
- 11 “Slave states”
Solution:
Missouri Compromise 1820
- Missouri would be added to the United
States as a “slave state”
- Maine would be added as a “free state”
- Set up the 36* 30’ line
Problem:
- Missouri was ready to
become a state. The
argument started over if
that state should be a
“free” or “slave” state.
- Either way, it would
throw off the balance in
Congress (making it 12
for one side and 11 for
the other)
Background: Many European countries had different land claims & authority in different regions
of the Western Hemisphere… (Canada, Mexico, America, Caribbean, etc.)
Land Acquisition
U.S. & Canada:
- Demilitarized the border
- Fixed the border at the 49th
parallel
Adams-Onis Treaty:
- Spain ceded Florida to U.S.
- Spain gave up its claim to the
Oregon Territory
Monroe Doctrine
Background:
- Russia, Spain, and Portugal all
making a push for land rights in
the west
- President Monroe warned all
outside powers not to interfere
with the western hemisphere
James Monroe as president, the U.S. continued to expand its territories and assert its place as a strong and
independent nation!
49th Parallel
Fletcher vs. Peck
Nullified a
Georgia law that
violated an
individuals right
to enter into a
contract
McCulloch vs.
Maryland
The state of
Maryland could not
tax the national
bank
(more details to
come)
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Ruled that only the
federal government
could regulate
trade between
states:
- interstate or
intrastate
(more details to
come)
Dartmouth
College vs.
Woodward
The state could
not interfere with
the college’s
charter because it
was a contract
Just like Marbury vs. Madison, the Marshall Court continued to strengthen the Supreme Court’s power. Giving
it precedence to not only strike down federal laws (by saying they are “unconstitutional”) but also nullify state
laws that violate the constitution.