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Blood Vessels To be used with Circulatory System Guided Notes Gaccione/Bakka Belleville High School Blood vessels - Arteries • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thick walled & very muscular. Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. Under great pressure. Blood pressure (120/80) Pulse rate (70 per minute)is taken from the arteries. Aorta - largest artery Blood vessels - Veins 1. Thin walled & flaccid. 2. Under low pressure. 3. Contains one way valve that prevent backflow of blood. 4. Problem: If you remain inactive for too long, blood may pool in your feet and lower legs, which may result in swollen feet & ankles. Also can led to varicose veins. • Varicose veins affect 1 out of 2 people age 50 and older, and 15 to 25% of all adults. • Symptoms enlarged veins swollen feet & ankles pain - “heavy legs” dry skin & ulcers Treatment Self awareness • Avoid excess amounts of standing • Elevate legs • Wear compression stockings • Exercise - improves muscle tone • Lose weight Treatment • Surgical Treatment Remove, tie up or close This does not create a problem - the blood reroutes itself through other veins. • Laser Treatment Dissolves or closes veins • New treatment Uses a diode laser that re-energizes the inner wall of the vein. Veins (continued) 1. One way valves prevents back flow of blood. 2. Lack of oxygen gives veins its blue color. Blood vessels - Capillaries • • • • Located where arteries end and veins begin. Microscopic and walls are only one cell thick. Form a dense network that reaches every body cell. Thin capillary walls enable nutrients & gases to diffuse into all body cells. Capillaries in the Lungs • Found where arteries end and veins begins. • Surrounds aveolus/aveoli (air sacs in the lungs). • Exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide. Capillaries throughout the body • Found between arteries and veins. • Delivers oxygen to all body cells and removes carbon dioxide (waste) from all body cells. The process that produces carbon dioxide is called cell respiration. • Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which contains iron. Oxygen has an affinity to iron. Comparing Arteries, Veins & Capillaries • • • • • • • • • • • • right ventricle pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle right atrium aorta inferior vena cava superior vena cava tricuspid valve 2 - semi-lunar valve bicuspid valve Problems with Blood Vessels – The Human Digestive System