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Pg 582 Animal Kingdom Phylum: Chordata Subphylum:Vertebrate Class: Amphibia Tunicate larva Tunicate Adult Pg 580 Lancelet Amphibians pg 608 • “dual life” (gills lungs) • ectothermic - heat source from outside environments (cold blooded) • moist environments Orders of Amphibia pg 610 • Anura - frogs & toads • Urodela - salamanders & newts • Apoda - legless, rare Anura - frogs & toads •Urodela salamanders & newts Apoda - legless, rare What is a vertebrate? • Endoskeleton - internal framework • made of cartilage and bone • all vertebrates have an axial skeleton and an appendicualr skeleton pg 592 Digestion pg 606 • begins with gullet (opening to the esophagus) • small intestine - absorbs nutrients, villi (pg 727) • large intestines - remove water, prepare wastes Circulation • 3 chambered heart • pg 607 - how many chambers for fish? Mammals? pg 754 Circulation • Closed system- blood circulates through heart and vascular tissue; all vertebrates pg 754 • Open System - very little vascular tissue connecting to heart, blood pumped into body cavities; common in most invertebrates Circulation pg 755 • Pulmonary loop circulation between heart and lungs/gills • Systemic - heart to rest of body Circulation pg 607 • low O2 blood enters right atrium then pumped to ventricle, then to lungs • from lungs high O2 blood enters left atrium, then to ventricle and rest of body or back to lungs Circulation pg 607 • What happens in the ventricle? • low and high O2 mix • frogs also obtains O2 by diffusion through skin Circulation pg 757 • aorta - heart to body • pulmonary - connect heart and lungs • arteries - move blood away from heart • veins - move blood toward heart Nervous System pg 829 • Central nervous system brain and spinal cord • olfactory lobes - smell • cerebrum - memory • optic lobe - sight • cerebellum - movement • medulla - basic body functions cerebrum cerebellum optic Lobe Olfactory Lobe Medulla Spinal Cord Excretion pg 607 • Kidneys - filter blood • renal arteries & veins blood to and from kidneys • urine stored in bladder • cloaca - common opening for liquid and solid wastes to leave the body Oviducts Testes Kidneys Ureter Eggs/Ovaries pg 608 Reproduction • External fertilization • males croak to lure females • frogs eggs are laid in masses, toad eggs and strands Only Males Croak External Fertilization Frog Egg Mass Toad Egg Mass Other Information • Hibernation • aestivate - adaptations to survive extreme heat • largest amphibian?? Japanese salamander “hellbender” reaches 1.5 meters! Aestivation – protective skin to keep from drying out Aestivation Internet Review and Frog Lab • Frog Lab • Frog Exam review activities