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Morphology of Lymph node
• Follicular hyperplasia
• Follicular involution & lymphocyte
depletion-burnt out lymph nodes
• Opportunistic infections
• lymphomas
Clinical features
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare
(MAI)
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis
Brain:primary lymphoma in AIDS:
Diagnosis of HIV infection:
• Detect antibodies, antigens, or viral
nucleic acids
• (p 24)
• ELISA
• CD4 counts.
Primary immunodeficiencies
• Genetically determined
• Adaptive immunity defects -Humoral and
cellular arms of immunity.
Interaction between B &T cells –overlap of
symptoms
• Innate immunity- Non specific host defense
mechanisms –complement, NK cells
,phagocytes
Some primary immunodeficiencies
Name
Defect
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
X linked
afammaglobuline
mia of Bruton
Mutation of
cytoplasmic b cell
tyrosine kinase
(BTK gene)
Failure of B cell precusors to
mature to B cells.→↓ B lymphos
Deficiency of immunoglobulins
Failure of opsonisation of
bacteria
>6 months
males
Bacterial
Viral infections
Common variable
immunodeficiency
Hetrogenous
Hypogammaglobulinemia,all esp IgG
Inability of B cells to mature to
plasma cells
Childhood /adolescence
Both sexes
Bacterial &Viral infectios
DiGeorge
syndrome
Failure of
development of 3& 4
pharyngeal pouches
Thymic hypoplasia
T cell defects
Viral & fungal infections
Severe combined
immunodefienenc
y diseases (SCID)
X linked SCID-γ
chain mutation
Adenosisne
deaminase
deficiency
Others
Defective humoral and cell-mediated
immune response
Childhood /adolescence
Both sexes
Antibody deficiency
infections
Wiskott –Aldrich
syndrome
???
Secondary depletion of T lymphocytes
Eczema
Thrombocytopenia
infections
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