Download Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Isabel Gonzalez
Period 2
http://youtu.be/fdc6KQmOb70
• DSM-IV-TR Criteria
A.
Either obsessions or compulsions:
Obsessions as defined by (1), (2), (3), and (4):
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are
experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and
inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress
2) the thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about
realife problems
3) The person attempts to ignore or surpress such thoughts, impulses, or
images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action
4) the person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images
are a product of his or her own mind ( not imposed from without as in
thought insertion)
Compulsions as defined by (1) and (2):
1.
Repetitive behaviors or mental actions done because of obsessions and
compulsions
2.
The behaviors or mental acts are aimed to prevent or reduce distress or
preventing some dreaded event or situation.
1)
Continued..
B. At some point during the course of the disorder, the person has
recognized that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or
unreasonable. Note: this does not apply to children
C. The Obsession or compulsions cause marked distress, are time
consuming ( take more than one hour a day), or significantly interfere
with the person’s normal routine, occuptional (or academic) functioning,
or usual social activities or relationships.
D. If another Axis I disorder is present, the content of the obsessions or
compulsions is not restricted to it (e.g., preoccupation with food in the
presence of Eating Disorder…or guilty ruminations in the presence of
Major Depressive Disorder).
E. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a
substance (e.g., a drug abuse, a medication) or a general medical
condition.
Etiology
O
There is no known cause for OCD, but those with it have a different brain
circuitry than those who don’t have OCD.
O
Biological factors that has been connected with OCD is insufficient levels of
serotonin.
O
Serotonin: chemical in the brain that helps regulate mood and emotions.
O
The serontonin is a neuro transmitter that is used by nerve cells to
communicate with each other. Therefore, insufficient serotonin can
interfere with the brain’s normal function.
O
OCD patients when taking medication that enhances the action of serotonin
often have fewer OCD symptoms.
Treatment
O The two main treatments for OCD are psychotherapy and
medication. They are most effective done together.
O Cognitive-Behavioral therapy has been the shown to be the
most effective form of therapy in adults and children.
O ERP (exposure and response prevention)- is a type of
cognitive therapy that has been very effective on several
patients. It exposes the patient feared objects or situations in
the hope that they can learn healthier ways of coping with
anxiety.
Prognosis
O There are many treatments that can help reduce OCD
and help you learn new ways to deal with the
condition but it will never go away.
O People have said that they don’t have OCD anymore
but constant therapy and medication is what keeps
you well and able to control your own life.
Reference
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Halgin, R. P. , & Whitbourne, S. K. Abnormal Psychology: clinical perspectives on
psychological disorder. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Myers, D, G, (2011). Myers’ psychology for AP. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and More. (2008,
June 25). WebMD - Better information. Better health.. Retrieved from
http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/tc/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd-topic
overview
How common is Obsessive Compulsive Behavior - OCD Statistics. (n.d.). Mental Health
Center - Anxiety, Depression, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Attacks, ADHD - Adults,
Teens and Children. Retrieved from http://www.thehealthcenter.info/adult-ocd/howcommon-is-ocd.htm
Elliott, C. H., & Smith, L. L. (2009). Obsessive compulsive disorder for dummies .
Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley publishing Inc..
Parks, P. J. (2011). Obsessive-compulsive disorder . San Diego, CA: Reference Point
Press.
Carmin, C. N., & Coulter, A. (2009). Obsessive-compulsive disorder demystified: an
essential guide for understanding and living with OCD. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo
Press.
Discussion Question
O How can Classical Conditioning or Operant
Conditioning be applied to OCD?
O How do you think OCD can be prevented?