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Warm Up ① Discuss the importance of the following Civil War battles: ① Fort Sumter: ② Bull Run/Manassas: ③ Shiloh: ④ Hampton Roads: ⑤ Antietam /Sharpsburg THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR POLITICAL CIVIL WAR EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Emancipation Proclamation I. Lincoln’s goal was to save the union A. Lincoln wanted to preserve the USA B. Keep both north & south together as one nation II. Lincoln desired a swift end to the prolonged Civil War III. Lincoln used his presidential powers and issued the Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation I. The Emancipation Proclamation was an attempt to end the Civil War quickly II. The EP freed all slaves in the Confederacy on January 1, 1863 if those states had no rejoined the union A. No Confederate states rejoined III. The EP didn’t immediately free the slaves since Lincoln had no control over those states IV. The EP made compromise between north & south impossible war would end with victory & defeat Debate over EP I. PRO A. Abolitionists supported the EP as an end to slavery in the south B. The EP allowed free blacks could to enlist in the regular army (Union Army) II. ANTI A. Democrats thought it would prolong war B. The Confederacy would never give up wouldn’t get to have slavery C. Some soldiers did not want to free slaves DO NOW I. II. III. IV. V. Together let’s read the Emancipation Proclamation GOOGLE: Emancipation Proclamation and click on the first link With a partner complete the Emancipation Proclamation Analysis Sheet Read the question and answer the accompanying questions. LET’S REVIEW African Americans in the War I. After the EP free blacks were allowed to serve in Union Army I. Nearly 10% of union army was African American by end of war ( only 1% of pop in north) A. B. Suffered discrimination in the military Separate regiments with white officers C. Less pay until 1864 D. Slaves joined the Union Army after being granted their freedom Dealing With Political Dissent I. Both sides faced political problems during the Civil War A. Union supporters in the Confederacy B. Confederate supporters in the Union II. Lincoln suspended the Writ of Habeas Corpus (right that you can not be held in jail without cause) to stop Confederate supporters A. Jefferson Davis did the same in the C.S.A. III. Lincoln controlled information: telegraph lines, newspapers IV. Lincoln set the precedent of expanding presidential powers during times of war and national crisis. Dealing With Political Dissent I. Many Americans did not support Lincoln using his presidential powers during the war II. Some northerners sympathized with the southerners A. Known as the copperheads – northerners who support C.S.A. B. Copperheads wanted the war to end let the south go C. Lincoln imprisoned many copperheads for their political beliefs III. Lincoln will use his political power to win the war for the Union A. Any means necessary to preserve the Union B. Save the United States SOCIAL CIVIL WAR Life During Wartime I. The Civil War was expected to be short & have very little loss of life A. The war lasted for 4 years/ 622,000 soldiers died II. As the war dragged on many soldiers died or deserted (ran away) III. The Union & Confederate governments passed conscription laws A. Drafting soldiers B. Forced military service not optional C. Fight or Die IV. Many Americans were unhappy being forced to fight for a cause they did not support Conscription Issues I. Confederacy A. Draft law in 1862 B. All able-bodied white men between 18-35 (later changed to 17-50) C. Wealthy people could hire people to go in their place and planters who owned more than 20 slaves were exempt D. Some southern states refused to follow this law, however, 80 % of eligible men served I. North A. B. C. D. Draft law in 1863 Men 20-25 Could hire substitutes Could pay $300 to avoid being drafted E. Would get a Bounty for joining. Some men became bounty hunters F. 92% of 2 million men in northern army volunteered Draft Riots I. Some men who were drafted became upset with the conscription laws A. B. Rich man’s war & a poor man’s fight Men could pay to get out of draft, slave owners could get out of draft II. Violence soon broke out over the conscription laws A. B. C. Mobs violently fought against the draft In NYC an Irish mob wrecked draft offices destroyed Republican newspapers, homes of anti-slave leaders and beat up black men and wealthy looking whites More than 100 died in draft riots in the United States https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P96_YIAROb0 New York City Draft Riots July 11-13, 1863 Life As A Soldier I. Soldiers spent the majority of their time waiting for the next battle to occur II. Soldiers were exposed to unhealthy conditions: A. B. C. D. E. F. Most didn’t bathe, shower or clean A poor diet little food, unclean water Terrible houses majority in tents Bad medical care Disease & death are common More soldiers died from infections than from battles Life as a Soldier: POW Camps I. Life for Union & Confederate soldiers in camp was bad II. But those captured as POW (Prisoner of War) had it much worse I. South- Andersonville, Georgia A. Overcrowded, B. Little shelter or food and drank sewer water C. 15% of Union prisoners died in Southern Camps I. North A. Cold conditions killed many southerners B. Many died from dysentery or malnutrition C. 10% of Southern Soldiers died in Union camps