Download Civil War: Opposing Sides and Early Battles

Civil War: Opposing Sides
and Early Battles
Class Notes (4-4)
United States (Union)
• Abraham Lincoln
• President throughout
the War
• Insisted that Union
must be held together
• By force if necessary
• Strategy
• Anaconda Plan
• Control of waterways
• Cut off the South
United States (Union)
• Advantages
• Technology
• More railroads
• Better weaponry
• More manufacturing
• Population
• More able-bodied
soldiers
• Larger workforce
Confederacy
• Jefferson Davis
• Former U.S. senator
• Became Confederate
President
• Strategy
• Convince U.S. to
abandon war effort
• Gain help from
Europe
Confederacy
• Advantages
• Defensive War
• Did not need to gain
territory to achieve
victory
• Leadership
• Robert E. Lee
• General of the Army
of Northern Virginia
• Opposed secession
• Did not believe
Union should be
held together by
force
Early Battles
• Fort Sumter
• Opening
confrontation of the
war
• 1861-1862 Campaigns
• Union failed to
capture Richmond
• Confederate launch
attack into U.S.
territory
Emancipation Proclamation
• Battle of Antietam
• Union victory
• Confederate advance
halted
• Following the victory,
Lincoln issued the
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Why not earlier?
Emancipation Proclamation
• Freed slaves located
in only “rebelling”
(Southern) states
• Reasons
• Diplomacy
• Discouraged
interference of foreign
governments
• Loyalty
• Did not want to anger
Border States
• New Soldiers
• Encouraged the
enlistment of African
American soldiers
1863 Campaigns
• Confederate Victories
in the East
• Union attacks repelled
• Union Victories in the
West
• Control of Mississippi
River
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Won victories over the
Confederacy after
several others had
failed
• Promoted to Union
commander