Download Lesson 4 - Ms. McDermott`s Social Studies

• L.O.: SWBAT list the causes and effects of the
Civil War.
• I.A.: (Written Response) List some of the
major differences between the North and the
South.
Differences Between North and South
• North
– Economy based on production and trade
– Large population
– Center of abolitionist movement
• South
– Economy based on farming
– Small population
– Slavery was a widespread practice
Long Term Causes of the Civil War
• States’ Rights Debate: Southern states believed that
they could nullify a federal law if they believed that it
was unconstitutional
– Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
– South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification
• Extension of Slavery into the Territories
– Missouri Compromise 1821: Maine enters as free state,
Missouri enters as slave state; no slavery in LA territory
– Compromise of 1850: California enters as free state, Texas
enters as slave state; popular sovereignty used to decide
status of slavery in Mexican Cession
– Bleeding Kansas: Kansas Nebraska Act states that popular
sovereignty will be used to decided status of slavery in LA
territory; causes violence over the issue; overrules
Missouri Compromise
Immediate Causes of the Civil War
• Republican Party:
– Stop the spread of slavery into the territories
• Dred Scott v. Sanford:
– Pro-slavery ruling; Missouri Compromise is
unconstitutional bc it denies a slaveholder his right to
property
• Raid at Harper’s Ferry
– Failed slave uprising strikes fear in the south
• Election of 1860
– Republican Abraham Lincoln elected as president despite
the fact that no southern state voted for him
• Southern Secession 1861
– Southern states secede from the Union creating their own
country
Lincoln’s Wartime Goals and Actions
• Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address
– Goal in declaring war on the south is to preserve the
Union
• Lincoln’s Wartime Actions
– Made military decisions without the consent of
Congress
– Suspends habeas corpus in Union territories
– Martial law: arrest anyone who is suspected of
disloyalty
– Overall effect: strengthens the federal gov’t
Union Advantages
• Population
– Larger population means greater supply of soldiers
• Production
– Most factories were located in the North
– Easier to ascertain supplies
• Transportation
– 90% of RR lines were located in the North
– Easier to transport supplies and soldiers
• Location
– Most of the fighting happened in the South
Major Events of the Civil War
• Battle of Gettysburg 1863
– Considered the turning point of the Civil War
– 3 day battle
– Union emerges as the victor and continues to push
confederate army back into the south
• Sherman’s Total War
– March from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean
– Destroy everything: plantations, livestock, homes, etc.
• Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse 1865
– Union army surrounded Lee and the confederate army
– After one month of being surrounded with no supplies,
Lee surrendered to Grant
Reconstruction Plans
• Lincoln’s Plan
– Show leniency on the south
– Heal the nation’s wounds quickly
– South was never separated from the Union
• Radical Reconstruction
– Harsh on the south
– Use of military to ensure south’s cooperation
Help for Freedmen
• Freedmen’s Bureau
– Gov’t funded program
– Builds schools and help freed slaves find jobs
• 13th Amendment 1865
– Slavery is illegal
• 14th Amendment
– Citizenship and equal protection under the law for
freed slaves
– Legal protection cannot be denied based on race
• 15th Amendment 1870
– The ability to vote cannot be denied based on race
Freedmen Voting Restrictions
• Poll Tax
– Voters must pay a tax in order to vote
• Literacy Test
– Voters must pass a rigorous reading test in order to vote
• Grandfather Clause
– Anyone whose father/grandfather voted in the election of
1868 is exempt from poll taxes and literacy test
– Automatically excluded freedmen bc they did not receive
the right to vote until 1870
• Ku Klux Klan
– Use of violence against freedmen and white republicans
– Scare these groups from voting
Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment
• Andrew Johnson passed almost 30 vetoes
• Against helping freedmen
• Radical Republican Congress impeached
Johnson
• Johnson was acquitted by Senate (by one
vote)
• Impeachments of Johnson in 1868 and Clinton
in 1998 are similar because both presidents
were acquitted
Segregation
• Jim Crow Laws: establish segregation in the
south
– Blacks and whites were kept separate in all public
facilities
• Plessy v. Fergusson 1896: upholds the
constitutionality of segregation
– Segregation is acceptable if the facilities are
separate but equal
Cycle of Poverty
• Plantation owners still need to operate large
farms
• Sharecropping:
– Plantation owners become landlords
– Former slaves become tenant farmers
– Tenant farmers share their profits with landlord
• Poor harvests make it difficult for landlords
and tenant farmers to repay debts keeping
them in a constant cycle of debt and poverty
Whole Group Practice
Regents Review: Individual Practice
1. Complete Multiple Choice Questions #1-31.
2. Try not to look back at your notes.
3. If you don’t know the answer right away, skip
the question and go back to it later.
4. Answer directly on the question sheet.