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Early Years of the War
Section 2
Chapter 16
First Battle of Bull Run
• First Major Battle of the Civil War
• Manassas Va., July 21, 1861
• Union Gen. Irwin McDowell attacks
Confederate forces led by P.G.T. Beauregard
• Reinforcements under Confederate Gen.
Stonewall Jackson defeat Union soldiers
• South Wins
• Located in Northern Virginia
First Battle of Bull Run
• A Shock for the North—began to realize
that this would be a longer harder war
• Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan to
head the Union army of the East
– Army of the Potomac
War at Sea
• Abraham Lincoln orders a blockade of
Southern ports.
• Prevented the South from exporting cotton
and importing war supplies
• South challenged the blockade by using
blockade runners
• Blockade reduced trade by two-thirds
War at Sea
• Monitor vs. Merrimack
• Confederate forces covered the Merrimack
with Iron plates and attacked Union ships.
• March 9th 1862 Union Iron Ship the
Monitor meets the Merrimack (renamed—
Virginia)
• Neither ship could be destroyed—marked
a new era in naval warfare.
War in the West
• North's first strategic goal in the West was to
gain control of the Mississippi and Tennessee
River.
• Union launched operations from Cairo, Illinois
under the command of Ulysses S. Grant.
• Union forces capture Confederate Forts Henry
and Donnellson—Feb. 6 1862
• Grant had many victories and was famous for
his “unconditional surrenders”
The Battle of Shiloh
• Corinth, Mississippi was the location of the
Battle of Shiloh.
• The battle lasted 2 days—April 6th and 7th
1862
• Some of the bloodiest fighting of the war
• First day Confederates drive Grant back
• 2nd day reinforcements come and Union
gains ground
• Grant and the North are victorious
• More the 20,000 causalities
New Orleans Falls
• Union naval forces under the command of
David Farragut capture New Orleans
• April 25, 1862
• Confederates could no longer use
Mississippi River to carry its goods to sea
• Union forces control Mississippi River
War in the East
• George McClellan’s goal in March of 1862 was
to capture Richmond Va.
• McClellan begins the Peninsular Campaignmajor offensive operation against Richmond Va.
• Moves troops by ship to Richmond
• McClellan delays attack—fails to capture
Richmond
War in the East
• McClellan finally meets Confederates at the 7
Days Battles
• Lee Commands Confederate forces
• Delays allow South to prepare their defense of
Richmond.
• Confederate cavalry leader J.E.B. Stuart leads
his men in a circle around the Union army to
gather tactical information
• Lee drives McClellan’s Union forces back to
James River—defeating McClellan
Gloom in the North
• Northerners had little hope
• Call for 300,000 more volunteers—little respond
• Lincoln orders McClellan to join troops led by
Major Gen. John Pope
• Stonewall Jackson’s troops attack a Union
supply base at Manassas
• Union Gen. John Pope meets Confederate
Gen. Stonewall Jackson at the 2nd Battle of Bull
Run—August 29, 1862
• Confederates win battle—only 20 miles from
Washington D.C.
The Battle of Antietam
• Jefferson Davis orders Lee to launch an
offensive into Maryland
• The Union forces find a copy of Lee’s orders in
a field near Frederick, Md.
• September 17, 1862 becomes the bloodiest day
of the War—Battle of Antietam
• Union troops claims victory
• McClellan refuses to chase Lee into Virginia—
Lincoln fires McClellan and replaces him with
Burnside