Download The Civil War (1861-1865)

The Civil War (1861-1865)
Part One: Rise of the South
Secession
• 11 states seceded from the Union, and
created a new country: The Confederate
States of America
North vs. South
• The North (The Union, Yankees)
• Strengths
–
–
–
–
24 states, 22 million people
Good railroad network
85% of American industry
Navy
• Weaknesses
– Inexperienced military
– Lack of motivation
North vs. South
• The South (The Confederates, Rebels)
• Strengths
– Experienced leadership & soldiers
– Dedication
• Weaknesses
– 11 states, 9 million people
– Very little industry
– No navy
– Reliance on foreign trade
The South unites
• The South wrote a state’s
rights friendly constitution
• Jefferson Davis was
elected president
The South unites
• In the North,
General Winfield
Scott & Abraham
Lincoln picked a
man they trusted to
lead the Union army
in case war began.
The South unites
• He chose General Robert
E. Lee, from Virginia
• Lee asked for time to
consider his promotion
The South unites
• When he gave
his answer, Lee
stated, “I could
not, in good
conscious, raise
arms against my
home (Virginia)”
Washington, DC
Lee’s home –
Arlington, VA
The South Unites
• Shortly after Lee turned down
the Union, Jefferson Davis
asked Lee to take the lead of
the Southern troops
• Robert E. Lee became
the leader of the
Confederate Army.
• Lee began his career working
in Richmond, the Confederate
capitol, advising Davis.
Fort Sumter - 1861
• In many cases, Union troop abandoned US forts
in the South.
• Not Fort Sumter, South Carolina
Fort Sumter
• Major Robert Anderson
refused to sacrifice the
supplies and the fort to
the rebels
• A stand-off ensued
Fort Sumter
• The Confederate forces opened fire, and Fort
Sumter became the first battle of the Civil War
WAR!!!
• It was now obvious that war was the only way to preserve the
Union. Both sides predicted a quick victory (90 days)
• An army of 35,000 Left Washington, DC to invade Virginia
WAR!!
• 22,000 Confederate troops, under the command of General
Joseph Johnston, defended Bull Run Creek in Manassas, VA
WAR!!!
• The Battle of First Manassas (or Bull Run) was
the first major confrontation in the Civil War
WAR!!
• The hero of the Battle of Bull Run was General Thomas
Jackson
• His heroics would earn him the nickname “Stonewall”
The Anaconda Plan
• Realizing that they
simply cannot walk
into the South and
win, General Winfield
Scott developed a
plan.
The Anaconda Plan
• The plan for
victory was meant
to cut off the
South by:
– A naval blockade
– Control of the
Mississippi River
The Peninsula Campaign
• The Union
regrouped
and sent
in a
second
invasion
of
Virginia.
The Peninsula Campaign
• However, the Union commander, General McClellan, was a
nervous commander who did not attack unless he was 100%
sure he had the advantage
Union
100,000 troops
Fresh soldiers
Well supplied
Naval support
Confederates
50,000 troops
Weary troops
Running low
No navy
Peninsula Campaign
• Lee took direct control of the Confederate army in the middle
of the fighting
• Because of heavy Confederate resistance, McClellan
withdrew.
Antietam
• Lee decided to pursue the fleeing Union army
• He organized a plan that divided his forces for
an attack into Maryland
Antietam
• Lee’s Special Order No. 191 – A detailed
instruction to one of Lee’s generals was found
by Union troops.
Antietam
• The Union was waiting and defended the fields of Antietam, MD.
• The Confederate invasion was pushed back
after a bloody battle
The fields of Antietam
The Emancipation Proclamation
• After Antietam, Abraham Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation.
• It announced that all slaves living in the rebel
states were free
Lee’s Plan
• Robert E. Lee knew that
the Union’s strengths in
both population and
industry would eventually
overwhelm the South.
• He made new plans to
invade the North, hoping
to turn the people against
the war and Lincoln.
• The North would invade
once more, and in this
invasion, Lee would lose
his best man, Stonewall
Jackson.
A new leader
• Meanwhile, one
general was given
the task of
conquering the
Mississippi River.
• This man would
eventually lead
the Union to
ultimate victory.
Assignment
• Throughout the war, the Union made incredible efforts to
increase the strength of its armies by recruiting new soldiers.
Your assignment is to create a recruitment poster.
• Your poster should include:
– A mention of the first battle, Fort Sumter, and the
year (20 points)
– A mention of the Emancipation Proclamation and
the goals of the Union (20 points)
– Visual representations of the war (20 points)
– “eye-catching” visual appeal (40 points)