Download Early Years of the War

Do Now: After reading the article
“Civil War: 10 Things You Should
Know” rank the items in a chart
What I already knew
What I didn’t know
Now choose one of the “What I didn’t know”
items and summarize it.
Early Years of the War
chart - notes
Early Years of the War
We will learn…
• what successes and failures the North
and the South had in the early years of
the Civil War. 
• how the North’s naval blockade hurt the
South
• how the battle of Antietam turned the
tide of the war.
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lecture notes appear on the following slides.
Civil War cannon
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to replay the audio.
Bull Run
Location:
Manassas, Virginia - near a river called Bull
Run
Dates:
July 21, 1861
Bull Run
Events:
• 30,000 inexperienced Union
troops commanded by Gen.
Irvin McDowel attacked
confederate troops led by
P.G.T. Beauregard. 
• Yankees drove
Confederates back at first. 
• Rebels rallied under Gen.
Thomas Jackson – became
known as “Stonewall
Jackson”.
Bull Run
Outcome:
• Confederates unleashed a
counter attack and surged
forward with a “rebel yell”. 
• Terrified Union troops
retreated. Confederates
were victorious but did not
pursue.
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Bull Run
Effects:
• Northerners began to understand that the war
could be a long, difficult, and costly struggle. 
• President Abraham Lincoln requested 1 million
soldiers who would serve for 3 years. 
• Lincoln appointed a new general, George B.
McClellan, to head the Union army of the East–
called the Army of the Potomac–and organize the
troops.
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Battle of Bull Run
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Location:
Norfolk, Virginia
Chesapeake Bay
Date:
March 9, 1862
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Events:
• Confederates had salvages a Union warship
(Merrimack), rebuilt it, outfitted it in iron and
renamed it the Virginia 
• North had an iron clad ship, Monitor 
• On March 9, the two ironclads exchanged fire,
but neither ship could sink the other.
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Outcome:
• The Union succeeded in keeping the Merrimack
in the harbor, so it never again threatened
Northern ships.
Effects:
• South is not able to break Northern
blockade
Lincoln’s Plan
War at Sea
Shiloh
Location:
Shiloh, Tennessee (near important
railroad junction along Tennessee
River)
Date:
April 6-7, 1862
Shiloh
Events:
• Confederate forces led by Albert Sidney
Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a
surprise attack on the Union troops. 
• On the first day of battle, the Confederates drove
Grant and his troops back to the Tennessee
River. 
• On the second day, the Union forces recovered
and defeated the Confederates, who withdrew to
Corinth.
• Grant becomes known as “Unconditional
Surrender” Grant
April 6 – first day of battle at Shiloh. The Confederates pushed the Union center
to the “sunken road”. This became known as the “hornets nest” as the
Confederates unleashed a volley of fire so fierce that the bullets were like
hornets whizzing by their ears.
Shiloh
Outcome:
• Together the two armies suffered
20,000 casualties–people killed or
wounded– including Confederate
general Johnston who died in the
bloodbath. 
Effect:
• Union forces gained control of Corinth
on May 30, and, on June 6, Memphis,
Tennessee, fell to Union armies.
The War in the West
Battle of Shiloh
DO NOW: Describe the success
and failures of the North in the
early years of the war:
Northern Successes
Northern Failures
•
•
•
•
•
•
Northern Successes
• Shiloh
Northern Failures
• Fort Sumter
• New Orleans
• Bull Run
• Antietam
• 7 Days Battle
(Monitor vs. Merrimack)
• 2nd Battle of Bull Run
New Orleans
Location:
New Orleans, Louisiana
Date:
April 25,1862
New Orleans
Events:
• Union naval forces under David Farragut
captured New Orleans, Louisiana, the
largest city in the South. 
New Orleans
Outcome:
• Union capture of New Orleans, near the mouth of
the Mississippi River, meant that the Confederacy
could no longer use the river to carry its crops to
sea. 
Effects:
• Farragut’s capture of New Orleans gave Union
forces control of almost all the Mississippi River.
Seven Days Battle
Location:
Richmond, Virginia – near James River
Date:
June 1862
Seven Days Battle
Events:
• McClellan moved his huge army by ship to a peninsula
between the York and the James Rivers southeast of
the city. 
• From there he began a major offensive known as the
Peninsula Campaign. 
• McClellan’s delays allowed the Confederates to prepare
Richmond’s defense. 
• At the end of June, the Union forces finally met the
Confederates in a series of encounters known as the
Seven Days battles
• Confederate commander James E.B. (J.E.B.) Stuart,
led his 1,200 troops in a circle around the Union army,
gathering vital information about Union positions and
boosting Southern morale
Seven Days Battle
Outcome:
• General Lee boldly
countered Union
advances and
eventually drove the
Yankees back to
the James River. 
Effects:
• The North failed to capture Confederate capital of
Richmond & South’s morale was boosted
War in the East
Seven Days Battle
Antietam
Location:
Sharpsburg, Maryland
Date:
September 17, 1862
Antietam
Events:
• Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered Lee
to launch an offensive into Maryland northwest of
Washington. 
• As Lee’s army marched into Maryland in September
1862, McClellan and 80,000 Union troops moved
slowly after them.
• Lee gathered most of his forces together near
Sharpsburg, Maryland, along the Antietam Creek. 
• The Union and the Confederate armies clashed on
September 17 in the Battle of Antietam–the single
bloodiest day of the entire war.
Antietam
Outcome:
• Confederate forces held the Union out of
Sharpsburg, but Lee decided not to stay and
occupy the town after having received no aid from
the slave holding area. 
• Resulted in 23,000 casualties. 
Bloody Lane
Effects:
Hagerstown Road
• Lee withdrew to Virginia, allowing the Union
troops to claim victory. 
• McClellan did not pursue the Confederate troops,
Lincoln replaced him with Gen. Ambrose
Burnsides 
• Gives Lincoln the victory he wanted to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation
Review
Create a flow chart to show the main
sequence of events in the Battle of
Antietam
McClellan
is
replaced
by Gen.
Burnsides
With your partner:
• Take a look at p. 492-493 in your book
• Read over the descriptions and look at the
map of Antietam
• Answer the two “Learning from
Geography” questions
With your partner:
• Write a letter home from the perspective of
a soldier who just fought in the Battle of
Shiloh
DO NOW:
READ the story on p. 465 and answer
the two “Analyzing Literature”
questions.
Also answer:
• What was the setting?
• Who was the main character?
• What was the plot?
The Battle of Antietam (cont.)
• The president, disgusted with McClellan’s
failure to follow up his victory, removed
McClellan from his command. 
• Lincoln placed General Ambrose
Burnside in command of the Army of the
Potomac. 
• The Army of the Potomac finally gained
some confidence, having forced Lee and
his soldiers back south. 
• President Lincoln used the Battle of
Antietam to take action against slavery.
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With your partner:
• Write a newspaper headline to describe
the events of the Monitor vs. Merrimack
battle
• Draw a picture to illustrate the battle
Study Guide
On Study Guide, you should be able
to answer:
Bull Run
Hampton Roads (Monitor vs.
Merrimack)
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Questions #1, 2, 3, 4, 6