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The Civil War (1861-1865) Part 2: The Fall of the South The Stalemate • For the first two years of the Civil War, it was unclear who had the advantage. • While the South had more victories, the North was not losing their advantages in numbers or industrial power December 1862 • In December of 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant had surrounded Vicksburg, Mississippi and put the town under siege. • If the city fell, the Confederacy would lose control of the Mississippi river. Lee’s position Lee’s last hope • Lee knew that the only way to defeat the Union was to take away their will to fight. • Northerners had not seen much fighting on their own soil, and Lee wanted to change that. • Rather than go and help Vicksburg, Lee chose to invade the North again. The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 • Lee and 65,000 Confederate troops invaded the North. (Texas Stadium held 63,000) • They were met by 105,000 Union troops in Gettysburg, PA. (Cowboys Stadium holds 102,000) The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 • The fighting would take place on July 2 & 3, 1863. The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 • There would a total of 51,000 casualties • The bloodiest battle of the Civil War The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 • The Union won, and the South would no longer be able to attack the North again. Lee’s army would never recover The Siege of Vicksburg, 1863 • The very next day (July 4, 1863) Vicksburg, Mississippi would surrender to General Grant. The Siege of Vicksburg, 1863 • The city had been cut off for seven months. • The people had eaten everything they could find, including dogs and, in some cases, their dead neighbors. The Siege of Vicksburg, 1863 • When Vicksburg fell, the Union gained full control of the Mississippi River. • The Anaconda Plan was now coming to life The Siege of Vicksburg, 1863 • Remember the Anaconda Plan? The Siege of Vicksburg, 1863 Gettysburg – Union victory Grant takes Vicksburg Union Naval Blockade since the beginning of the Civil War Turning Points of the Civil War • Gettysburg and Vicksburg would be the turning points of the Civil War. • Became clear to all involved that the North would win eventually. Ulysses S. Grant • After Vicksburg, Grant goes to Washington to command the entire US Army. Sherman’s March to the Sea • The man who took over for Grant in Mississippi, William Tecumseh Sherman, would invade the heart of the South • He will forever be remembered for his ruthlessness Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman takes Atlanta, May-Sept 1864 Sherman captures Savannah, GA – Dec 1865 Grant’s invasion of Virginia • Here we go again, the Union is going to invade Virginia! Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865 Grant takes Richmond, April 3, 1865 Appomattox Courthouse, 1865 • Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 • The Civil War was over The Defeated South • The rebels were allowed to go home, all they had to do was swear an allegiance to the Union before they left.