Download 16.3-A Call to Freedom 16.4-Life During the Civil War

16.3-A Call to Freedom
16.4-Life During the Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation
Page 473
• Originally main goal for Union was to
preserve Union.
• Republican Party, including Lincoln
wanted to only prevent the expansion of
slavery
• Attitudes about slavery began to change in
the North.
Read page 474
Response from Lincoln about
pressure to declare an end to
slavery
Emancipation Proclamation
• Many Northerners felt that slavery was
helping the war effort in the South
• Slaves raised crops to feed armies
• They dug trenches for the Confederates
protection in battles
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln wanted to wait until the right
moment to emancipate all slaves in the
South
• The win at Battle of Antietam was the right
moment.
Effects of Proclamation
• Applied only to areas that the Confederacy
controlled.
• Did not actually free anyone
• Lincoln hoped that the slaves would hear
of this proclamation and would encourage
them to run away.
Joyful response
• Many Abolitionist greeted news with joy.
• Britain and France decided to withhold
recognition of the Confederacy
• Congress started to prepare a
constitutional amendment to abolish
slavery
• However, the 13th Amendment is not
passed until 1865
Fredrick Douglass 1864
• “The Emancipation
Proclamation is the
greatest event of our
nation’s history”.
As news of the proclamation
spread throughout the
Confederacy, thousands of slaves
fled to freedom.
• The proclamation established that the
war was being fought not only to
preserve the Union, but to end
slavery. Few enslaved people were
freed by the action, however.
African Americans in War
• Lincoln decided to permit African
Americans to join the Union army
• By end of the war 1/6th of enslaved
persons fled to the Union
• African Americans were never allowed to
fight in the Confederacy.
African American Soldiers
• By end of war, 10% of the army and 18%
of the Navy was African Americans.
• They received lower pay than white
soldiers/sailors. In 1864, they began to
receive equal pay.
16:4 Life During the Civil War
• An American Story: page 478
• Reality of War: New rifles with greater
accuracy helped create thousands of
casualties in each battle.
• Medical facilities were overwhelmed.
Reality of War
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Faced with horrors, many men deserted.
11:1 Union
8:1 Confederate
Confederates suffered from lack of food
and supplies which led to starvation
• How can you fight a war when you can’t
feed the troops?
Women and the War
• Men off to war, women took over their jobs
• They helped roll bandages, wove blankets
and made ammunition.
• They raised money for supplies
• Took over home responsibilities
Clara Barton
• Famous nurse that goes on to establish
American Red Cross
Opposition to the War:
Copperheads
• Northern Democrats split into two groups
• Peace Democrats wanted to negotiate
with Confederacy. Known as
Copperheads
• Copperheads fed on fear of the public
about racists beliefs
• Their support grew after a defeat on the
battlefield.
Habeas corpus
• Guarantees accused individuals the
right to a hearing before being jailed.
• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus
several times during the war.
• Why?
Enlistments Decline
• Draft: Requires men to serve in the army.
• Both North and South required draft
Union
• Encouraged enlistment by offering bounties:
Payments to encourage volunteers
• March 1863, North turned to a draft
• Could avoid the draft by hiring a substitute or by
paying the government $300
• Protest over draft law: New York riots killed
more than 100 people. Troops were called out
to end riot.
South
• Davis suspended habeas corpus too.
• His actions outraged Southerners who feared
that they would lose the liberties they were
fighting for in this war.
Economy
• North coped much better than South
• Both North and South financed war by
borrowing money, increasing taxes (North
income tax) and printing money (North
Greenbacks)
• North: 2 Billion
• South: 700 million
North Prospers
o Factory production
o Farming
South Economic Troubles
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North blockades were effect
Inflation: General increase in prices
Railroads destroyed
Farm land destroyed
Fighting mainly fought in South