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I. Emancipation Proclamation
A. Lincoln Issues the Proclamation
1. Opinions varied
a. Democrats opposed it
– they were mostly
laborers worried they
would lose their jobs
b. Abolitionists argued
the war was pointless
if it did not win
freedom for the slaves
c.Lincoln worried about losing support for
the war
d.Stanton believed the Confederacy war
effort was aided by slave labor
2.Lincoln Issued the Proclamation
a.It freed the slaves in areas controlled
by the Confederacy
b.More symbolic than real
B. Reaction to the Proclamation
1.Issued January 1, 1863
2.Abolitionists cheered,
however William Lloyd
Garrison was quick to
point out slavery still
existed in the Union
3.Encouraged many slaves
to escape when Union
troops were nearby
II. African Americans Participate in the War
A.Congress began to allow escaped African
Americans to sign up as laborers – called
Contrabands
B.Later African Americans were allowed to fight
C.The 54th Massachusetts Infantry – Served heroically
in the charge on Fort Wagner, they suffered massive
casualties
D.180,000 African Americans served in the Union
army
1.They faced discrimination (lower pay)
2.Were treated brutally by the Confederates
III. Growing Opposition
A. Copperheads
1.They called themselves
Peace Democrats,
enemies called them
Copperheads
2.Midwesterners that
opposed abolition
3.Lincoln saw them as a
threat and suspended
their right of habeas
corpus
B. Northern Draft
1.1863 Congress approved
a draft
2.For $300 you buy your
way out
3.Northern Democrats
Nominated McClellan for
President to put an end
to the war – He lost
IV. Life for Soldiers and Civilians
A. On the Battlefield
1.Soldiers
a. lined up in rows
based on tradition
b.led to massive
casualties
c. When the order
was given they
would charge with
bayonets and hand
to hand combat
2.Doctors and Nurses
a. Had no medicines to fight infections
b.Main treatment option was amputation
c. The largest killer during the war was disease
(typhoid, pneumonia, and Tuberculosis
B. Prisoners of War
1.Kept in filthy prison camps
2.Lacked shelter, clothing, clean water and food
3.One of the worst was Andersonville, located in
Georgia
C. Life as a Civilian
1.Women filled in the jobs
left by the men fighting
2.Clara Barton – founded
the American Red Cross.
a. Organized medicines
and supplies
b.Soothed the wounded
and dying
c. Assisted doctors
d.Help to establish the
idea of hygiene