Download Chapter 15: The Civil War Begins

Chapter 15: The Civil War Begins
The secession of Southern
states cause the North and the
South to take up arms. 7 States
left the Union before the fall
of Ft. Sumter; 4 States joined
afterwards. 11 States made up
the Confederacy.
Which side had the
advantage in the
Civil War?
North vs. South in 1861
On a sheet of paper, draw the chart below. After studying
the few slides that follow, write in your responses and
complete the chart.
North
South
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Rating the North & South
Railroad Lines in 1860
Resources: North & South
Soldiers Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Union & Confederacy in 1861
Slave / Free States Population in
1861
Union
Confederacy
The
Advantages
Disadvantages
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Through
Maps, Charts,
Graphs &
Pictures
Population

22 million (4 million men of combat age)

Economy- 100,000 factories
1.1 million workers
20,000 miles of railroad
$189 million in bank deposits
$59 million in gold specie
Abraham Lincoln
War fought on confederate soil.

Why was the war being fought?

“Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”
Lack of military leadership
Military Leadership

Robert E. Lee

Stonewall Jackson
Military Training

VMI (Virginia Military Institute)

WestPoint
Home field advantage

Familiar with terrain

Morale booster
Population

9 million (3.5 million slaves, only 1.2 million
men of combat age)

Economy- 20,000 factories
101,000 workers
9,000 miles of railroad
$47 million in bank deposits
$27 million in gold specie
Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Many Issues Divide the Country
• 1861 – 11 U.S. states voted to secede from
the Union and form the Confederate
States of America (CSA).
• This action followed years of longstanding differences between the North and
the South.
What Issues did the North & South
Disagree On?
• Tariffs – taxes on imported goods
• Distribution of public lands
• States’ Rights – states should have more
power over what they do and the federal
government should have less power over
them.
• Most of all – the issue of SLAVERY
Southern States Vow to Secede
• During the 1860 presidential election, Southern
leaders threatened to secede if a Republican
(Abraham Lincoln) was elected.
• After Lincoln won the 1860 election, 6 states
seceded: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana.
• Texas also seceded, although against Sam
Houston’s objections.
The Confederacy is Formed
• Formed at a convention in Montgomery,
Alabama on February 4, 1861.
• Called the Confederate States of America
(CSA).
Confederate Constitution
• Drew up a constitution similar to the U.S.
constitution, but with some important
differences:
• 1. states were given MORE power and the
federal government was given LESS
power;
• 2. this constitution guaranteed the
protection of slavery.
The Confederate “White House”
Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Houston Removed from Office
• Texas Secession Convention ordered all state
government leaders to take an oath of loyalty to
the Confederacy – Houston refused and is
removed as Governor.
• Lt. Governor Edward Clark replaced Houston as
Governor (he took the oath)
• This ends Houston’s career in politics and
military – he retires to home in Huntsville and
dies in 1863.
Lincoln’s View on States’ Secession
• Lincoln said that the
Union was
“perpetual”
(continuing forever)
and the Southern states
had no right to leave it.
• He promised to carry
out the law of the land
(according to the U.S.
constitution) in all
states, and
• Vowed to preserve the
nation at all costs.
Union & Confederacy in 1861
The Two Strategies
•
•
•
•
Northern Strategies
Bring Union back together (not focused
on Slavery at first)
Blockade Southern ports – cut off supply
lines
Gain control of the Mississippi River –
split confederacy
Capture Richmond
The Two Strategies
Southern Strategies
• Fight a defensive war; make the North
give up
• Privateering (Pirating) Union
commercial ships
• Gain support of major European Powers
(England and France) as they needed
Southern materials (Cotton, especially).
Early Years of the War
The First Battle of Bull Run,
July 1861
• Early battle fought near
Manassas Junction at the
Bull Run river
• Although at first driven
back by Union soldiers,
led by “Stonewall”
Jackson, the
Confederates fought back
• North is shocked and
realize this could be a
long and bloody war
First Bull Run
Early Years of the War
War at Sea
• Lincoln plans to blockade Southern ports and
controlled the Mississippi River.
• Blockade runners sail in and out of blockade
• Blockade reduced southern trade by 2/3
Anaconda Plan:
• This was the plan to cut the south off by way of Naval
Blockade. It was called “Scott’s Great Snake” or
more commonly, “The Anaconda Plan” as it was
designed to ‘squeeze’ the south, like an anaconda
snake.
Anaconda Plan