Download 5 Sparks Civil War North Vs South

Mr. Sparks
American Civil War
Section III: Basic Facts &
The Comparison of the Union and the
Confederates States of America
Basic Facts of Civil War
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April 12, 1861 - April 9, 1865
Richmond – CSA Capital
Washington D.C. – USA Capital
Abraham Lincoln – USA President
Jefferson Davis – CSA President
Basic Facts of Civil War
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3 million men and women fought
600,000 die (400,000 of sickness)
Most of the fighting is in the south
Union blockades south with ships
Europe stays out of it, but favors south
* The Europeans would love the CSA to win to
“stick-it to the Americans”, but will NOT help a
country with slavery.
Civil War Casualty and Death
Numbers
• https://www.phil.muni.cz/~vndrzl/amstudies/civil
war_stats.htm
This site is one of many that breaks down the
casualty and death rates of the Civil War
North
South
23 States
11 States
Union
Confederate
Yankee
Rebel
Blue Coats
Grey Coats
USA
CSA
Army of the Potomac
River
Virginia
Federal
The Leaders
Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth
President of the United States. He
opposed the expansion of slavery. A
Republican, Lincoln led the Union
during the Civil War. John Wilkes
Booth assassinated Lincoln in
Washington, D.C., on April 14,
1865.
Jefferson Davis was President of
the Confederate States of
America. During the Mexican
War, he had been an officer in the
United States Army. Davis also
had served as the United States
Secretary of War. When the South
surrendered, he was charged with
treason and prohibited from
running for public office again.
Abraham Lincoln (Before and After)
Washington, D.C.
• Capital of the Union
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander
Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
The Capital of the CSA is in Richmond, Virginia.
The Confederate Seal
C.S.A.
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
The Generals
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
William T. Sherman
Thomas Jackson
George Meade
James
Longstreet
George B.
McClellan
James E.B.
Stuart (JEB)
Goals of Each Country
• Union
– Get the South to
Re-join the
Union
• Confederacy
– Leave the Union
Strategies
Anaconda Plan
Union General Winfield Scott
suggested the Anaconda Plan to halt
Southern trade. The plan would
impose a blockade. This would
eventually enable the North to
control the Mississippi River.
Meanwhile, the army would divide
and isolate sections of the South and
capture its vital cities and the capital
in Richmond, Virginia. Under General
Ulysses S. Grant, the North’s strategy
kept pressure on General Robert E.
Lee’s army and constantly weakened
their numbers. The larger population
of the North made this possible.
King Cotton
The Confederacy adopted a
defensive strategy and attempted to
secure alliances with more
powerful countries such as Britain
and France. To do that, the South
needed to show it could win the
war. As a result, the Confederate
army attacked Union territory to
draw Union troops away from the
South and to impress potential
allies. As the war continued, the
Southern strategy became one of
evading the Union army,
prolonging the war, and inflicting
casualties to demoralize the North.
The “Anaconda” Plan
CIVIL WAR
STRATEGIES
NORTH
The Anaconda Plan
1. Blockade the South
2. Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi, Tennessee, and
Cumberland Rivers
3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
CIVIL WAR
STRATEGIES
SOUTH
WIN RECOGNITION AS AN
INDEPENDENT NATION
1. Capture Washington, D.C.
2. Seize central Pennsylvania
3. Defend homeland until
the North tired of fighting
4. Get Britain to pressure
North to end blockade to
restore cotton supplies
Strategy of South
• Win enough major battles to make the Union quit.
• Starve Europe of Cotton- Economic involvement.
Is it possible to win a war, without winning all of the
battles?
Similarities: American Rev. War, Vietnam.
Issues with these Strategies
• Union
• Confederate
Slow and Steady….
Issues with King Cotton- by this
time Britain and France were
planting cotton in North Africa
and other territories (so the
demand for South Cotton began
to diminish)
-Britain & France DID NOT want
to lose the Northern Market in
textiles/industry/consumers!!!!
Congress wanted the war to
end quickly and couldn’t wait.
Naval Blockade & Capturing the
Mississippi would allow control
of the Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers (heart of the
South)…but you need a large
Navy, which the Union didn’t
have during the start of the war.
-Plus they had abolished slavery
years ago and morally didn’t
want to support the South.
The Anaconda Plan
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
North Vs. South Percentages
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
CIVIL WAR
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
NORTH
ADVANTAGES
Larger population
More industry
More resources
Better banking system
More railroad mileage
Abraham Lincoln
More ships
DISADVANTAGES
Faced hostile people
Southern territory unfamiliar
CIVIL WAR
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
SOUTH
ADVANTAGES
Strong popular
support
Familiar territory
Superior military
leadership
DISADVANTAGES
Smaller population
Few factories
Less food production
Fewer railroad miles
Fewer ships
Jefferson Davis
Belief in states’ rights
South: Plantations
Bad for War
North, Factories
Good For War
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
Popular Pressure for a Fight
Stanton…Secretary of
War…
Wants the fight…popular
opinion is screaming for a
fight
Neither side is really ready
Politicians have too much
power in this war.
• On paper . . . the Union should have a
relatively easy time quelling this
rebellion.
• However the southern advantages
coupled with the almost inept early
leadership on the Union’s part help
lead to one of the most extraordinary
epics of American History.
Comparison
• Union – (24 states, 21
million pop.)
– More Railroads
– More Money
– More Factories
– More People
• Confederacy – (11
states 10 million pop.)
– Better Generals at
start of War
– Fighting on their
home turf
• Know terrain
• Defend or Die
Next Up….
Prepare for War: Military Concepts & Tactics