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Download Reconstruction (1865
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The Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) • Reconstruction – 1) The rebuilding of the South after being destroyed by the North – 2) Bringing the South back into the Union • But there were 3 plans on how to do this Quick Time™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • 1) Lincoln’s Plan – Wanted a lenient plan – Felt that the Confederates never left –“Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction” • or the “10% Plan” QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – 10% of the population of the state to swear allegiance to the Union • then they could form a state government & get back into Congress – This plan upset the ‘Radical Republicans’ • Led by Thaddeus Stevens Qu ic kTi me™ an d a TIFF (Un comp re ss ed) dec omp re sso r are ne ed ed to see th is p ic tu re . Quic kTime™ and a TIFF (Unc ompressed) decompressor are needed to see this pi cture. • Assassination of Lincoln (April 14, 1865) – 5 days after the South surrendered – Lincoln, his wife, and 2 friends attended a play at Ford’s Theatre in D.C. – John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor, openly walked into Lincoln’s balcony – Shot Lincoln in the back of the head QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncom pressed) decom pressor are needed to see this picture. – Booth leaps from the balcony onto the stage • Breaks his leg & leaves the theatre • He rides to the South where he thought he would be treated as a hero • It launches the biggest man-hunt in American history QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Booth was running for 12 days • He & a co-conspirator were cornered in a farmhouse in QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Virginia by Union troops • The troops set fire to the farmhouse – Booth was shot by a soldier & died QuickTime™ and a decompressor – 2 months later, 4 of his co- TIFFare(Uncompressed) needed to see this picture. conspirators were convicted & executed – 1st American President to be assassinated • “Now he belongs to the ages” – This was the end of Lincoln’s lenient plan for Reconstruction QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decom pressor are needed to see this picture. • 2) Andrew Johnson’s Plan (Lincoln’s replacement) – From Tennessee, favors the South – He believed that “white men alone must manage the South” – He would let the Confederate states return to the Union if they did 3 things… QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – 1) 10% of population swear allegiance to the Union – 2) Each state withdraw secession – 3) Ratify the 13th Amendment • Abolish slavery • Then he would forgive the South’s war debts AND let them have their own state governments • The South loved this plan QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • 3) Congress Plan (Radical Republicans) • Extreme Republicans that want to punish the South – They hated Johnson’s Plan & made a plan of their own • 1) Enlarged the “Freedmen’s Bureau” – agency to assist newly freed slaves & poor whites in the South • 2) Passed Civil Rights Act of 1866 – forbade states from passing discriminatory ‘Black Codes’ – Johnson vetoed both • => Republicans overrode the vetoes and passed them anyway • also created the 14th Amendment –Makes the former slaves citizens with equal protection of the law • Congress is gaining a lot of power • Congress passes The ‘Reconstruction Act’ – 1) Divided the South into 5 military districts – 2) States are required to accept the 13th and 14th Amendments • Impeachment of Johnson – Formal CHARGING of misconduct – Radical Republicans thought Johnson was not doing his job – Fell short of conviction by 1 vote • End of Reconstruction – 1) ‘Amnesty Act’ • The Radical Republicans eventually had to return the South’s right to vote • Returned the right to vote to former Confederate states – They will surely vote Democratic – => Republicans lose power • 2) Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) vs. Samuel Tilden (Democrat) • Vote was too close to call, so they made a deal (Compromise of 1877) – Hayes would win the Presidency if he did 3 things… • 1) Withdraw troops from the South • 2) South gets Federal $ to build RR, harbors, bridges • 3) Appoint a Southerner as Hayes’s advisor – Republicans say OK – Shows that the North has lost the will to keep up Reconstruction => segregated South