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Chapter 15 Toward the Civil War (1840-1861) Section 1 Slavery and the West Chapter Time Line Chapter Time Line i o n Rate your agreement with the following statement: It is better to compromise to get something accomplished than to stand 100% firm on what you believe. A D. Strongly disagree 0% 0% 0% 0% D C. Somewhat disagree A B C D C B. Somewhat agree A. B. C. D. B A. Strongly agree n Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism? Missouri • 1819- Missouri applied for statehood • Slavery was legal in Missouri • This sparked an angry debate in Congress • There were 22 states in the Union • 11 slave states/ 11 free states • Each state got two votes (Senate) • Adding another state would tip the balance between slave states and free states North and South • The North and South had different economies and were competing for new land in the West • At the same time, many Northerners wanted to restrict or ban slavery • Southerners opposed these antislavery efforts (even those that disliked slavery) • Southerners resented the interference by outsiders in Southerners’ affairs • This grew into sectionalism between the North and South What to do with Missouri • Senate suggested allowing Missouri join as a slave state and Maine join as a free state • The Senate wanted to settle the issue of slavery in the territories for good • Senate proposed banning slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30' N latitude • Speaker of the House Henry Clay guided the bill through the House of Representatives (passed by a close vote) • Maine was the 23rd state and Missouri was 24th • The Missouri Compromise preserved the balance between slave and free states • This was a temporary solution in the debate over slavery Who drafted the Missouri Compromise? A. Henry Clay B. James Monroe C. James Polk D. Thomas Jefferson 0% A A. B. C. 0% D. B A B C 0% D C 0% D Slavery • The debate over slavery erupted again in the 1840s • Texas was added and slavery was already legal there • Texas Annexation was the main issue in the presidential election of 1844 • Texas became a state in 1845 • Shortly after the Mexican War began, Representative David Wilmost from Pennsylvania introduced a proposal • The Wilmot Proviso would ban slavery in any lands the US would get from Mexico Which of the following was a proposal to ban slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico? A. The Compromise of 1850 0% D C D. The Freeport Doctrine B C. The Missouri Compromise A. A B. B 0% C. 0% C 0% D. D A B. The Wilmot Proviso Southerners’ Response • Southerners’ protested the Wilmot Proviso • Southerners’ felt this endangered slavery everywhere • They wanted New Mexico and California open to slavery • John C. Calhoun (SC) countered with another proposal • It said that neither Congress nor any territory had the authority to ban slavery from a territory or regulate it • Neither proposal passed, but caused bitter debate • By the next election, the US gained New Mexico and California, but took no action on slavery Election of 1848 • 1848- The Whigs selected Zachary Taylor as their candidate • Taylor was a Southerner and a hero of the Mexican War • The Democrats chose Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan • Both candidates ignored the issue of slavery • The failure to take a stand angered voters Election of 1848 Continued • Many opponents of slavery left their parties and formed the Free-Soil Party • “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men” • The Free-Soil Party chose former president Van Buren as their candidate • Taylor won, but the FreeSoil Party gained several seats in Congress Issues in the US • California applied for statehood in 1849 (After the Gold Rush) • Meanwhile, antislavery forces wanted to ban slavery in Washington, D.C. • Southerners also wanted a national law that required states to return fugitive enslaved people • The key issue was the balance of power in the Senate (30 states 15/15) • Southerners talked about seceding from the Union Compromising • 1850- Senator Henry Clay proposed that California enter as a free state • The rest of the new territories would have no limits on slavery • The slave trade (Not slavery itself) would be banned in Washington D.C. • Clay also pushed for a stronger fugitive slave law • Senator John C. Calhoun opposed the plan • Calhoun felt that the Union could be saved only by protecting slavery • Senator Webster supported the plan • Webster said that slavery had little chance in the new territories because the land was not suited for plantations The Compromise of 1850 • President Taylor was an opponent of Clay’s plan • But Taylor died unexpectedly and Millard Fillmore took over as president • Fillmore favored the compromise • To end the crisis, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas divided Clay’s plan into 4 parts Each part would be voted on separately • Fillmore had several Whigs abstain on parts they opposed • The 5 parts passed and became known as the Compromise of 1850 The Parts of the Compromise of 1850 1. California would be admitted as a free state. 2. The new Mexico territory would have no restrictions on slavery. 3. The new MexicoTexas border dispute would be settled in favor of new Mexico. 4. The slave trade but not slavery it self would be abolished in the district of Colombia. 5. Stronger fugitive state law. n Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism? -Compromises dealt primarily with immediate issues -Admittance of new states -Maintaining balance in Congress -The compromises did not address slavery at the national level Chapter 15 Section 1 Quiz ls e Fa Tr ue By admitting a free state and Missouri, a slaveholding state, to the Union at the same time, the Senate could remain balanced. A. True 50% 50% B. False The Wilmot Proviso allowed California to enter the Union as a free state. ls e 50% Fa 50% Tr ue A. True B. False John C. Calhoun countered David Wilmot's proposal. ls e 50% Fa 50% Tr ue A. True B. False Zachary Taylor adopted a proslavery platform for the 1848 presidential election. ls e 50% Fa 50% Tr ue A. True B. False President Fillmore was in favor of the Compromise of 1850. ls e 50% Fa 50% Tr ue A. True B. False An exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country is called abolitionism. fugitive slave law. Free-Soil Party. sectionalism. is m . se ct io na l ar ty . -S oi lP Fr ee e sl av gi tiv e fu ol iti on is m la w . . 25% 25% 25% 25% ab A. B. C. D. The plan that preserved the balance between slave and free states in the Senate was the A. North-South Compromise. B. Missouri Compromise. C. Maine Compromise. D. Slavery Compromise. N Co m pr om M ai is ne e. C om pr Sl om av er is y e. Co m pr om is e. ou ri is s M or th -S o ut h C om pr o. .. 25% 25% 25% 25% The main issue in the presidential election of 1844 was the A. annexation of Texas. B. annexation of Maine. C. annexation of New Mexico. D. annexation of Missouri. ri. M is s of Ne w n of an ne xa tio n xa tio ne an ou M ... M ai ne of n xa tio ne an an ne xa tio n of Te x as . . 25% 25% 25% 25% yl or la y Ta C ar y ry Za ch en H C hn Jo D an ie l .C W eb al ho st e un r Who proposed that neither Congress nor local governments had the authority to ban slavery from a territory? A. Daniel Webster 25% 25% 25% 25% B. John C. Calhoun C. Henry Clay D. Zachary Taylor President Millard Fillmore persuaded several Whig representatives to not cast votes, or to secede. become a fugitive. abstain. increase sectionalism. m . n. al is st ai io n ab in cr ea se co m e se ct a se ce fu gi ti de . ve . 25% 25% 25% 25% be A. B. C. D. Participant Scores 0 0 Participant 1 Participant 2 0 0 0 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5 Team Scores 0 0 Team 1 Team 2 0 0 0 Team 3 Team 4 Team 5