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First Amendment
Protects the rights of freedom of speech,
press, assembly, religion, and petition.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for
the purposes of taxation and representation
What is the belief that said that the
United States was meant to spread
across the continent?
Manifest destiny
Missouri Compromise
The North and South had kept the balance of free
and slave states. This was threatened when Missouri
was going to join the Union as a slave state. To keep
the balance, Maine was brought into the Union at
the same time.
The Missouri Compromise maintained the balance
between slave and free states
Slave Auction Notice, 1823
Compromise of 1850
In 1850, there was another problem with free and
slave states. All of the territory won in the war
with Mexico would become states soon. The issue
was solved by allowing California into the Union
as a free state, and having the territories of New
Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah decide
the issue of slavery themselves.
California was admitted to the Union as a free
state.
Southern Agriculture
The Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was a slave.
His owner took him to a free state in the North.
Scott sued for his freedom because he was in a free
state.
The case went all the way to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a
slave and therefore property, so he could not sue.
The court also said that Congress could not ban
slavery in the territories.
1852
Electi
on
Result
s
1856
Electi
on
Result
s
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
1860
Presidential
Election
John Bell
Constitutional Union
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Secession!
Reconstruction
The immediate goal of Reconstruction was to
bring the Southern states back into the Union.
The goal of the 14th and 15th amendments
was to give rights to formerly enslaved
persons.
Reconstruction
The Freedmen’s Bureau helped resolve
conflicts between blacks and whites.
They set up schools for newly freed slaves.
Provided relief for those people hurt by the
war.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses
were designed by Southern lawmakers to prevent
African-Americans from voting.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Definition: a white supremacist group originating in the South after the
Civil War. The KKK has been responsible for countless acts of
terrorism, violence, and lynching all intended to intimidate, murder and
oppress African Americans, Jews, and other minorities.
Membership
Alleged Klan Members:
1920 = 4,000,000
1930 = 30,000
Harry Truman
Warren G. Harding
16 Senators
11 Governors
? # Representatives
1980 = 5,000
2008 = 6,000
Jim Crow Laws
Definition: Laws that separated/segregated African Americans and
other non-white racial groups from White Americans.
Some commonly segregated spaces as a result of Jim Crow were:
•schools
•public areas
•transportation
•restrooms
•restaurants