Download South Carolina`s Secession from the Union 8

December 06, 2016
South Carolina's
Secession from the Union
8-4.3
Missouri Compromise
Compromise was reached-Missouri was
admitted as a slave state—Maine as free
state
• compromise tried to avoid future
controversy by prohibiting slavery in the
Louisiana territory north of the 36 30’
latitude line
Southerners learned from this crisis the
importance of maintaining the balance of
Senate votes from free and slave states.
Nullification Crisis
United States Congress passed a protective tax in
1828
Vice President John C. Calhoun
• Wrote, South Carolina Exposition and Protest
• claimed it was a state’s right to declare such a
law unconstitutional and nullify it through a
special state convention
• Nullifiers vs Unionists
• Calhoun resigned as VP & took a position in the
Senate where his voice was stronger.
• President Andrew Jackson & the Force Bill
Missouri Compromise
Westward expansion led to growing
sectionalism and controversy over the
expansion of slavery to the territories
• Missouri applies for statehood
• Northern states concerned about Missouri
joining the Union as a slave state
• 1st time a state had been admitted since
the Louisiana Purchase)
• Upset the balance of free & slave state
votes in Senate
Protective Tariffs
What is a protective tariff?
• Designed to raise import taxes on goods
coming from foreign countries--make them
more expensive than goods produced in the
U.S.
• Benefited new industries in the North
• SC was largely agriculture
• In SC, it raised the price of manufactured goods
SC brought from the north & Britain
• southerners objected to raising the protective
tariff
Theories of Secession &
Nullification
• The theory of secession, as an alternative
to mere nullification of laws, allowed
states to leave the U.S. if they believed
that their rights were being infringed
upon.
• Under this compact theory-states were
more powerful than the federal union
• Both theories would be disproved by the
civil war
December 06, 2016
Mexican War
• The California Territory became part of the
US through the treaty that ended the
Mexican War
• 1849 Gold Rush
• Californians wanted their state to be “free
soil” they petitioned to enter as a free
state
• Resulted in the Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act...
• Kansas territory in northern part of the
Louisiana Territory
• Missouri Compromise states it should
not be a slave state
• Politicians wanted a railroad to go
through Kansas, but needed southern
support.
Dred Scott Decision
• Supreme Court attempt to end the
controversy over the role of free states in
determining the status of the enslaved
• "Once free, always free"
• Constitution protects the owner of property
from having the government take that
property away
• Also ruled that the Congress not pass
measures limiting the expansion of slavery
in the territories
Compromise of 1850
• California is a free state
• Outlawed slave trade in Washington DC
• The rest of the Mexican Cession would
decide if they were free/slave by a vote by
the residents (popular sovereignty)
• Fugitive Slave Law
– “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet
Beecher Stowe (5:26)
Kansas-Nebraska Act cont...
• Repealed the 36 degree 30' line of the
Missouri Compromise
• Popular Sovereignty for new states
• "Bleeding Kansas"
• John Brown and bleeding Kansas
Election of 1860
• Republican Abraham Lincoln campaigned on
a platform of "free soil"
• Lincoln was not an abolitionist in 1860
• After his election, SC called a special
convention and signed the Articles of
Secession
> claimed the rights of South Carolinians
had not been and would not be protected
by the federal government...6 other
states seceded soon after.
December 06, 2016