Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
MAC264 Wk 12a Copyright What is copyright? • Copyright: exclusive rights granted to the owner of certain types of creative works enabling him/her to do or control the doing of specified activities with those works for a specified period of time • UK law is primarily the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (the "Copyright Act") What does it cover? • Literary Works: Works which are written, spoken or sung (not being dramatic or musical) eg books, reports, tables, computer programs and newspaper articles • Dramatic Works: Theatre and stage plays and works of dance and mime What does it cover? • Musical Works: music of all styles (not associated words or actions) • Artistic Works: paintings, drawings, photographs, graphic designs, sculptures, architecture • Sound Recordings: reproducable recordings of sound or literary, dramatic or musical works eg records, tapes and CDs What does it cover? • Films: a recording on any medium from which a moving image may be produced eg films, videos, newsreels, recorded television programmes • Broadcasts: transmissions by wireless telegraphy of visual images, sounds or other information eg. radio and terrestrial television. What does it cover? Cable Programmes: contents of cable programme services Typographical Arrangements: Typographical arrangement of books, magazines and newspapers or other published editions of literary dramatic and musical works Publication Right: Where a person publishes for the first time a previously unpublished work in which copyright has expired How do I claim copyright? • No particular formalities are required in the UK to either attain or enforce copyright. • It is not necessary to display the c symbol, the name of the copyright owner or the year of first publication • But it is frequently done to show copyright is asserted, to afford protection in certain nonBerne convention countries and to preclude the defence of innocent infringement Originality • A literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work will only obtain copyright protection if it is original – not a copy of another work. • The author must have put in original, independent work • S/he must expend own skill, knowledge, mental labour, taste or judgement – but the level required is can be minimal • Originality is most commonly encountered where there has been some element of imitation or borrowing from a prior work How long does it last? Copyright doesn’t last forever - it gives the author a reasonable opportunity to exploit creativity • Literary, Dramatic, Musical and Artistic Works: 70 years from the author’s death (50 years for computer generated works) • Sound Recordings: 50 years from their release or if not released from when made • Films:70 years from the death last known originator (ie principal director, author of screen play, dialogue and composer of film music) How long does it last? • Broadcast and Cable Programmes: 50 years from broadcasting or transmission • Typographical Arrangements: 25 years from first publication • Publication Rights: 25 years from first publication Owning the Rights • The Copyright Act grants owner certain exclusive rights enabling them to do or to permit others to do, the following acts: • to copy the work • to issue copies of the work to the public • to perform, show or play the work in public • to broadcast the work or include it in a cable programme • to make an adaptation of the work or do any of the above in relation to an adaptation Infringements • It is an infringement of copyright if any of the above acts are carried out without the consent of the copyright owner or exclusive licensee. Civil remedies include injunctions to prevent further abuse, orders for delivery up of infringing articles as well as damages for past infringement • Criminal offences may be committed where a person makes or deals with infringing articles You’re OK if… • Copyright is not infringed if the use is The Fair Dealing Exceptions: • - research and private study - criticism, review and news reporting Incidental inclusions: • Education • Libraries and archives • Public administration • Certain uses of design documents and models • Use of typeface in ordinary course of printing • Certain works in electronic form Moral rights As well as copyright the author of protected works also has moral rights (can’t be transferred and always vest in the author (even if he created the work in the course of his employment). Moral rights can be waived. The moral rights are: • to be identified as the author • to object to a derogatory treatment of the work • to object to a false attribution of a work to you • to privacy of certain photographs and films; (where commissioned for private/ domestic purposes)