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Middle Ages- Music 450 A.D.- 1450 A.D. Music of the Church • Liturgy- Church Music used in worship • The Church was an important patron to the arts, especially music • Majority of Musicians & Composers were supported by the church • Musical sample: Gregorian Chant- The Monks of St. Benedict – http://www.themiddleages.net/alleluia_psallite.m p3 Musical Notation • Not created until 800 A.D. • Time-consuming task, so done ONLY for church music, transcribed by monks. • Every Copy was hand written • Most music preserved is from church music • Notation is a main feature of Western Music Monophony vs. Polyphony • Monophonic- Single line or unison line of music • Polyphonic- Multiple lines of music performed at the same time • Precursor to modern instrumental arrangements and SATB choral works Nobility Culture- Secular Music • Began in Southern France & grew all over Europe • Aristocrats performed and composed music • Troubadour- composer of secular music with instruments and lyrics Composers • Anonymous – Composer to which oral songs were attributed to when recorded in musical notation because the original recorder was unknown – Representative of all different types of people and people from various classes • Hildegard Van Bingen (1098-1179) – Female composer – “insprired by divine visions” – Wrote many monophonic church pieces for female voices – Did not have formal music training