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Baroque Era Music of the Baroque Period (1600–1750) © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved New Terms Chorale Opera Oratorio Ornamentation Homophonic Tonality Figured Bass Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Time-Line Shakespeare: Hamlet-1600 Cervantes: Don Quixote-1605 Jamestown founded-1607 King James Bible-1611 Newton: Principia Mathematica-1687 Witchcraft trials in Salem, Mass.-1692 Defoe: Robinson Crusoe-171 © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Reasons for the Creation of Opera Interest in Greek Tragedies More Theatrical Music Word Painting in Music Shifting to a Homophonic Aesthetic Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Baroque Instrumental Music Support Voices Orchestra Created Violin Family Trumpet Oboe Flute Other Important Instruments Lute Harpsichord Organ Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) Composer, Choirmaster, and Organist Phenomenal Skill with Counterpoint His music is still studied today! Prolific output at the highest level Bach’s genius was neglected for a time but was rediscovered in the 19th century Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Bach Family © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Bach’s Life Born on March 21, 1685 in Eisenach, Germany. At age 8 he was sent off to school to study music. Bach learned how to compose by hand copying the works of previous masters. He studied the organ and singing in school. His first job was as a choirmaster in Arnstadt. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Bach married his second cousin Maria in 1707 - they moved to Muhlhausen. Bach was a very talented organist and was in high demand - he was also very picky and made a lot of his employers angry - he once wanted to quit working for employer so badly, he went to prison in order to do so. Maria died in 1721. Bach then married Anna Magdalena in 1723 she was 20, he was 36. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Soon after they were married, Bach landed a very good job in Leipzig as the choirmaster of the St. Thomas School. Bach had 22 children in all - 12 of whom died at a young age. 10 with Maria, 12 with Anna Magdalena. Bach died on July 28, 1750. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Famous Compositions Toccata and Fugue in D minor St. Matthews Passion Brandenburg Concertos No. 1-6 Jesu Joy of Mans Desiring Well Tempered Clavier Hundreds of works for Organ © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) International Man Born in Germany Studied/developed in Italy Lived (with great fame) in England for 50 years The Messiah Oratorio His most famous piece The “Hallelujah Chorus” is from this work Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Other Baroque Composers Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713) François Couperin (1668–1733) Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre (1666–1729) Henry Purcell (1659–1695) Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) George Philipp Telemann (1681–1767) Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Characteristics of Baroque Music Use of a Basso Continuo - harpsichord and cello providing the base of the composition. Emphasized contrasts in texture, pace and volume. Strong use of improvisation in both melodies, and the embellishments of those melodies. Most importantly - if you hear a harpsichord, it’s almost always Baroque. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved