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Asexual Reproduction and Mitosis SB2 e: Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations Occurs only through the process of ___________ Each offspring has the same genetic information Where can asexual reproduction be found? BACTERIA YEAST PLANTS There are 5 different types of asexual reproduction. 1. ______________ Parent divides unequally; new individuals develop from buds ex – yeast & hydra 2. ______________ Most simple form of asexual reproduction; Parent divides equally and results in two separate individuals Ex.-paramecium 3. _______________ Single specialized cells that germinate when released from parent. Usually covered by a protective coating for preservation. 4. _______________/_________________ Ability to regrow new body parts/ability to grow new Organism from parts. ex – hyrda, planaria, starfish, the bad guy from Terminator 2 5. _____________ _____________/________________ Refers to roots, stems, and leaves. Cells divide then differentiate to produce the same organism Ex.- strawberry plant, pick-a-back plant Period of time from one division to the next ___________ ____________ division results in formation of new individuals of the species _____________ division results in replacemen of old or damaged cells __________ Process by which the _________ divides while maintaining number of chromosomes _____________ Division of the ___________ _____________ _____________ Reproduction that only involves ______ parent so therefore no special reproductive organs are needed ____________ Nuclear DNA wound around proteins known as histones ____________ Condensed rolls of chromatin that are able to be seen during mitosis (rod-like structures) There are 6 phases in Cell Cycle _________ ________ _________ _________ __________ ____________ Interphase Known as “resting phase” •Cells ________in size by producing more nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular organelles •Chromosomes make ________________, but they can’t be •seen •Nucleus of the cell is contained within the _______________ •___________ are present and duplicate themselves Mitosis Begins • Mitosis is the division of the __________ • Happens in __________/_______ cells Prophase •Double chromosomes become visible - Chromatid •Chromosomes are 2 sister chromatids connected by a centromere ____________ ____________ ____________ •At the beginning, ____________ move to opposite poles •Spindle fibers attach •By the end, the nuclear envelope and nucleus have _____________ DON’T DRAW EARLY LATE Metaphase= “___________” •Centromeres line up in the__________ Anaphase= ____________ •Daughter chromosomes move to _________sides of cell (poles) Telophase= “_______” •Chromosomes ______ and return to previous shape (threadlike) •Nuclear membrane and nuclei _______ NOTE: Cytokinesis begins during late anaphase and finishes during telophase Cytokinesis • Two identical daughter cells are formed. • Each cell has the _________ (2n) number of chromosomes. • In humans this is _______ chromosomes. Same as mitosis in animals except: • Plants have ________– spindle fibers take their place • Cell wall ____________because it is too rigid • Cell plate _________ the cell into two