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Stomata Condensation by Plants Presentation by: Ladan Soroosh Chandani Sompura Vanessa Kaye Allison Kreis Plant Environments Plants can live in extreme climates. Not all plants grow all over the world. Small changes have enabled plants to survive in certain environments. Many elements make up plant’s environment. E.g. sunlight, temperature, precipitation, & natural community. Biomes: Natural Communities 6 Biomes: tundra, forests, chaparrals, grasslands, savannas, & deserts Forests cover 1/3 of the earth’s land 3 major groups: coniferous forests, temperate deciduous forests, & tropical rain forests Plant 1 Dracaena: temperate deciduous plant Temperate deciduous forests cover large areas of North America. Most areas have cold winters & warm, wet summers. Mostly called broadleaf trees Lose leaves every fall & grow new ones in spring. Plant 2 Hawaiian Ti Plant: tropical plant Grow in warm, wet weather, year round. Most are broadleaf, & do not lose leaves completely Heavy rainfall occurs throughout the year. Plant 3 Lantana: desert plant Deserts cover about 1/5 of the earth’s land. All deserts receive little rain & have either rocky or sandy soil. In most deserts, the temperature rises above 100º F, for most of the year. Plant 3 (Cont.) Desert plants are dispersed. Roots of most plants extend over large areas, to capture as much water. They usually have small leaves to conserve water by reducing surface area from which transpiration occurs. Stomata are closed during the day. What is a stoma? Pore-like structure on leaves and stems Pore is surrounded by guard cells with bands of cellulose micro fibrils Function of Stomata Allows CO2 to diffuse into the leaf, while water vapor diffuses out Controls the amount of gas diffusion and water transpiration Environmental Factors Stomata will open if: There is light Low levels of CO2 in the leaves Stomata will close if: Plant is losing a lot of water It is nighttime (for most plants) Mechanism to control opening of the pore Proton pump activated Active Transport of K+ into the cell Increase in negative water pressure Water enters cell Increase turgor Pore opens Mechanism to control closing of the pore Proton pump deactivate K+ leaves via passive diffusion Water follows via osmosis Decrease turgor Pore closes Procedure: Materials: Get 3 plants Tropical plant Desert plant Temperate deciduous plant Eye dropper Small plastic measuring cup Nail polish Scotch tape Plastic bags Microscope with slides Beginning of first 24-hr period Give water to plants 90mL of water to each with an additional 30mL to the desert plant Cover each plant with a plastic bag, leaving a small opening (~2-3 in) at the bottom Beginning of second 24-hr period Carefully remove bags from plants Using eye dropper, collect water-droplets from leaves Empty dropper contents into measuring cup, while counting how many drops were collected Record data Give water to each of the plants 30mL of water End of second 24-hr period Measure amount of water released by each plant Record data Third 24-hr period Add 30mL of water to each plant Measure amount of water released by each plant Final Steps Select leaves to view under microscope Cover portion of leaf with nail-polish and let dry Pull nail-polish layer off leaf with scotch tape Place the tissue layer on a slide and focus it under a microscope Results Day 1: April 12, 2003 Plant: Tropical Desert Temperate Drops of Water: 0 0 0 Results (Cont.) Day 2: April 13, 2003 Plant: Tropical Desert Temperate Drops of Water: 9 0 0 Results (Cont.) Day 3: April 14, 2003 Plant: Tropical Desert Temperate Drops of Water: 26 0 0 References “Plant,” World Book. 1999 World Book, Inc. Chicago IL. “Desert,” Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biolo gyPages/G/GasExchange.html.