Download Nursing care of patients with needs interferences related to anxiety

Nursing care of patients with needs
interferences related to anxiety
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1.Definition of anexiety disorders.
2.Ethiology and statistic of anexiety disorders.
3.Types of anexiety disorders.
4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
5.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
6.Panic Disorder (PD)
7.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
8.Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
9.Specific Phobias
• 10.Payment for anexiaty disorders.
• 11.Treatment of anexiaty disorders.
• 12.10 Happiness Beliefs.
Definition of Anxiety Disorders:
• Disorders in which anxiety (persistent
feelings of apprehension, tension, or
uneasiness) is the predominant disturbance.
• can disrupt a person's ability to concentrate
and cause hyperventilation, a racing heart,
chest pains, dizziness, panic, and extreme
fear
Ethiology and statistic
 Anxiety disorders may develop from a
complex set of risk factors, including genetics,
brain chemistry, personality, and life events.
 An estimated 40 million adult Americans
suffer from anxiety disorders.
 Anxiety disorders are highly treatable, yet
only about one-third of those suffering from
an anxiety disorder receive treatment.
Types of anxiety disorders:
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Panic Disorder (PD)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Specific Phobias
Generalized Anxiety
Disorder (GAD).
• GAD is characterized by
excessive, unrealistic worry that
lasts six months or more; in
adults, the anxiety may focus on
issues such as health, money, or
career. In addition to chronic
worry, GAD symptoms include
trembling, muscular aches,
insomnia, abdominal upsets,
dizziness, and irritability.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder (OCD).
• In OCD, individuals are plagued
by persistent, recurring thoughts
(obsessions) that reflect
exaggerated anxiety or fears;
typical obsessions include worry
about being contaminated or fears
of behaving improperly or acting
violently.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder (OCD).
• The obsessions may lead an
individual to perform a ritual or
routine (compulsions)-such as
washing hands, repeating phrases
or hoarding-to relieve the anxiety
caused by the obsession
Panic Disorder.
• People with panic disorder suffer
severe attacks of panic-which may
make them feel like they are
having a heart attack or are going
crazy-for no apparent reason.
Panic Disorder.
• Symptoms include heart
palpitations, chest pain or
discomfort, sweating, trembling,
tingling sensations, feeling of
choking, fear of dying, fear of
losing control, and feelings of
unreality.
Panic Disorder.
• Panic disorder often occurs with
agoraphobia, in which people are
afraid of having a panic attack in a
place from which escape would be
difficult, so they avoid these
places.
Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD).
• PTSD can follow an exposure to a
traumatic event such as a sexual
or physical assault, witnessing a
death, the unexpected death of a
loved one, or natural disaster.
Main symptoms of PTSD:
• "relieving" of the
traumatic event
(such as flashbacks
and nightmares);
• avoidance behaviors
(such as avoiding
places related to the
trauma) ;
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• emotional numbing
(detachment from
others);
• and physiological
arousal such
difficulty sleeping,
irritability or poor
concentration
Social Anxiety Disorder
(Social Phobia).
• SAD is characterized by extreme
anxiety about being judged by
others or behaving in a way that
might cause embarrassment or
ridicule. This intense anxiety may
lead to avoidance behavior.
Physical symptoms associated with
this disorder include heart
palpitations, faintness, blushing
and profuse sweating.
Specific phobias.
• People with specific phobias suffer
from an intense fear reaction to a
specific object or situation (such as
spiders, dogs, or heights); the
level of fear is usually
inappropriate to the situation, and
is recognized by the sufferer as
being irrational. This inordinate
fear can lead to the avoidance of
common, everyday situations.
• Anxiety disorders are highly
treatable with psychosocial
therapies, medication, or both
Principles of treatment of anexiaty
disorders
 Psycho-social treatments used in the
treatment of anxiety disorders include
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure
therapy, anxiety management and relaxation
therapies, and psychotherapy.
 Drugs used to treat anxiety disorders include
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants,
benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
 Combination therapies are often utilized.
• Misdiagnosis and undertreatment of
anxiety disorders costs the nation billions
of dollars annually
Payment for anexiety disorders
 Anxiety disorders cost the U.S. more than $42
billion a year, according to "The Economic
Burden of Anxiety Disorders," a study
commissioned by the ADAA and based on data
gathered by the association and published in
the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
 More than $22.84 billion is associated with the
repeated use of healthcare services, as those
with anxiety disorders seek relief for
symptoms that mimic physical illnesses.
 People with an anxiety disorder are three-tofive times more likely to go to the doctor and
six times more likely to be hospitalized for
psychiatric disorders than non-sufferers.
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders:
• Drugs and Prescriptions
• Herbal Supplements
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
(REBT)
Drugs and Prescriptions of
Anxiety disorders:
• are currently approved in the U.S. by the
FDA:1.Valium,2. Xanax,3. Prozac,4. Paxil,
5.Lexapro,6. Librium,7. BuSpar,8. Ativan,
9.Zoloft.
Valium, Xanax, and Librium
• are in the sedative category known as
Benzodizepines. Valium was first widely
prescribed in the 1960s during the peak of
baby-boom motherhood. Valium became
known as "mother's little helper," but
also created something of widespread
addiction among the middle class. Valium is
prescribed less often today. Both Valium
(and Lithium) have proven to be addictive.
Xanax (Alprazolam) and Ativan
(Lorazepam)
• are more today's anxiety sedative
medications of choice for GAD, SAD, and
anxiety disorders. Xanax and Ativan also
carry addictive qualities. Your physician
will closely monitor your use of Xanax.
Using Xanax (Ativan, Valium and other
Benzodizepines) for those who are deeply
depressed is not recommended.
BuSpar
• BuSpar (Busparone) is in the newer
Azaspirone category and prescribed for
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD.)
BuSpar is of the newest approved antianxiety medications
Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro, and
Zoloft
• are all SSRI antidepressants. Prozac was the
first popular SSRI on the market in the 80s,
Paxil next, then Zoloft. (As other
competitors came along, Prozac became
less prescribed. Although Prozac is more
known as an anti-depressant, it has been
widespread in its use as an anti-anxiety
medication.
• There are not necessarily habit forming
qualities to Prozac but there are many
known side-effects.) It is not recommended
to suddenly stop using SSRI medications,
especially Prozac and Paxil.
Herbal Supplements
• Non-drug therapy
includes Herbal
Supplements known
to help with anxiety
disorders, regular
exercise, healthy diet,
and a healthy attitude
• Herbs have been used to help with physical
and mental health for thousands of years.
Herbal supplements are the precursor to
modern prescription medications. Millions
of people around the world still utilize
herbs and natural substances to cure a
variety of ills, with wondrous effects.
Why are Herbals Effective?
• Many of the compounds in herbal
supplements provide or mimic the same
reactions that prescription drugs do.
They are a natural alternative to the
synthetic prescription medications.
• "Herbal supplements work for many
individuals with anxiety disorders and
stress problems because they enable a
physical relaxation effect that subsequently
allows the mind to slow down, clear up, and
think more rationally,"
according to Dr. David L. Thomas,
Whitford-Thomas Group, Tampa FL.
PureCalm
• concentrated tincture
formula that facilitates
rapid absorption into
the blood stream,
resulting in almost
instant relief.
• Because of its fast
action, a calming
effect is felt within
about 5 minutes.
Triple Complex Mood Tonic
• Ensure systemic
balance of biochemic
tissue salts in the body
Optimize health at the
cellular level Relieve
symptoms of disease
Restore health and
vitality Safely treat a
wide range of
symptoms without
side effects
Rational Emotive Behavior
Therapy
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
(REBT), was developed by Dr. Albert Ellis
in 1955. It has since flourished and spawned
a variety of other cognitive-behavior
therapies. REBT's effectiveness, short-term
nature, and low cost are major reasons for
its popularity.
Principles of REBT
• You are responsible for your own emotions
and actions,
Your harmful emotions and dysfunctional
behaviors are the product of your
irrational thinking,
You can learn more realistic views and,
with practice, make them a part of you,
You'll experience a deeper acceptance of
yourself and greater satisfactions in life
by developing a reality-based perspective
10 Happiness Beliefs
• 1. Don’t blame others for making you
unhappy. Take responsibility for
making yourself happy.
• 2. Give yourself permission to make
yourself happy-even if in so doing,
others make themselves unhappy.
• 3. Make time for yourself to do things
which bring you pleasure and
enjoyment in the short-term.
10 Happiness Beliefs
• Do things for others and your community
without expecting anything back in return.
• 5. Sacrifice short-term pleasures and put
up with short-term discomforts in order to
achieve longer-term gains.
• 6. Accept the fallibility of others and
yourself.
• 7. Don’t take things personally.
10 Happiness Beliefs
• 8. Take a chance even when you might fail
at things at work or in your personal
relationships.
• 9. Don't become overly-concerned with
what people think about you and what
you are doing.
• 10. See uncertainty as a challenge-do not be
afraid of it.
Conclusions
• 1. Anexiety disorders- disorders in which
anxiety is the predominant disturbance.
• 2. They develop from a complex set
of risk factors, including genetics,
brain chemistry, personality, and
life events.
Conclusions
• 3.Types of anexiaty disorders:
a)Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
b)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c)Panic Disorder (PD)
d)Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
e)Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
f)Specific Phobias
Conclusions
• 4. Treatment of anexiaty disorders includes
drugs ,herbal supplements and
rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)