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Defining Mental Health & Mental Illness Dr Joanna Bennett Dr Joanna Bennett Mental health • How would you define mental health? Dr Joanna Bennett Mental Health • Ability to: – develop emotionally, creatively, intellectually and spiritually – initiate, develop and sustain mutually satisfying personal relationships – face problems, resolve them and learn from them – be confident and assertive Dr Joanna Bennett Mental Health What is Mental Health? ......... Ability to: – be aware of others and empathise with them – use and enjoy solitude – play and have fun – laugh, both at ourselves and at the world Dr Joanna Bennett Mental Health • Ability to enjoy life • Resilience – bounce back from adversity • Balance – time spent socially and alone Dr Joanna Bennett Mental illness • How would you define mental illness? – Deviation from social norms – those who break these norms are seen as abnormal and when extreme as mental illness – Dysfunctional behaviour –not functioning correctly and not leading a ‘normal’ life Dr Joanna Bennett Mental illness • Personal distress – usual gauge of mental state • Observer discomfort – disruptive, destructive, uncomfortable for other people • Unpredictable behaviour – inappropriate to a situation, over-reaction, over/under concerned, reflect high/low level emotion Dr Joanna Bennett Mental illness • Irrational behaviour – does not make sense to others and cannot be reasonably explained. – belief that all behaviours should in some way be explained through a rational reason for their existence Dr Joanna Bennett Mental Health/illness • Is mental health the absence of mental illness? • Most People are not totally mentally healthy but not mentally ill • Almost everyone has experienced problems in which the distress one feels matches some of the signs and symptoms of mental disorders. Dr Joanna Bennett Mental Health/Illness • But symptoms are of insufficient intensity or duration to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of mental disorder. • Mental health & Mental illness are not polar opposites but points on a continuum Dr Joanna Bennett Dr Joanna Bennett • Mental health (normality) & Mental illness (abnormality) is subject to many different interpretations rooted in value judgments that may vary across cultures • Defining abnormal behaviour or mental disorders is not an exact science. • Dividing line is to do with severity of symptoms, duration and functional impairment • Threshold for illness/disorder set by convention Dr Joanna Bennett Definition of Mental health • “a state of successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity” • Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General- (1999) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Dr Joanna Bennett Mental illness • “….refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders. Mental disorders are health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning”. • Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General(1999) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dr Joanna Bennett