Download Trauma and Stressor

 Panic Disorder / PD With Agoraphobia
 Agoraphobia
 Specific Phobias
 Social Phobia (social anxiety disorder)
 Generalized Anxiety Disorder
 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
 Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders–
now in own category in DSM-5
Clinical Description
Exposure to Traumatic Events
War and Combat
Rape and Assault
Car Accidents
Natural Disasters
IPV and child neglect/abuse
Symptom Clusters
1. Persistent re-experiencing/intrusions of event
A. Intrusive memories of the event
Ex.______________________
B. Recurrent, distressing dreams/nightmares
C. Dissociative states; flashbacks
D. Psychological distress at exposure to events
that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the trauma.
Ex. Anniversary dates.
Symptom Clusters
2. Avoidance of stimuli associated with event or
numbing of responsiveness
A. Deliberate efforts to avoid thoughts or
feelings
B. Deliberate efforts to avoid activities/
situations that are reminders about event
C. Psychogenic amnesia (all or part of event)
D. Feeling detached from others; “numbing”;
unable to have loving feelings
Symptom Clusters
3. Symptoms of increased arousal
A. Sleep problems
B. Irritability or outbursts of anger
C. Problems concentrating
D. Hypervigilence
E. Exaggerated startle response
F. Physical reactivity to events similar to trauma
Ex. person sexually assaulted in an elevator
sweats when entering elevator
* survivor guilt
Subtypes
Acute Stress Disorder
< 1 month
PTSD
> 1 month
Delayed Onset
Symptoms Begin > 6 Months after event
What qualifies as a traumatic experience?
A. Person variables
-predisposing factors (ex. prior trauma)
-specific experience during events
-person’s evaluation during & after event
B. Stimulus properties of event:
ex. manmade or natural; type of exposure
C. Characteristics of post trauma
environment
(e.g., supportive or not)
Facts and Statistics
Occurs in ____% of Population; ____% lifetime
Most Common Traumas?
Trauma Event is Necessary, not Sufficient
Severity of Event & Response Seems Important
Runs a Chronic Course
Causes
 Only Disorder With ________________
 Biological Vulnerability
 Prior Experience With Events That are...
Uncontrollable and Unpredictable
 Severity of Trauma and One’s Reaction
 _________________________
 Social Support / Acceptance Helps
Psychological Interventions
- Ensure Safety and Teach Coping Skills
- Face the Original Trauma - Is it Necessary?
Imaginal Reexposure
- Telling the story – remembrance &
mourning
- Arrange for Corrective Emotional Learning
- Problem of Secondary Gain
Disability and Compensation
Pharmacological Interventions
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