Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
APPROACHES TO ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY AS PSYCHOLOGY BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS OF ABNORMALITY Biological Model Behavioural Model Cognitive Model Psychodynamic Model Biological & Psychological Models of Abnormality Biological Approach Defines abnormality as disease or illness Biological Model Assumes organic basis – brain structure, functioning or biochemistry, possibly genes No blame attached Ignores environmental influences and social conditions Hands responsibility to the professionals Leads to fear of mental illness and possible shunning of those diagnosed Biological & Psychological Models of Abnormality Assumes that disorders arise through conflicts between id or superego and a weakened ego (Freud) Psychodynamic Model Assumes childhood trauma is influential, or else the exhaustion of usefulness of defence mechanisms The unconscious is key Intuitive and experiential appeal Difficult to demonstrate empirically Deterministic, places heavy burden on parents Psychoanalysis and other “talking cures” are often expensive and long Freud Biological & Psychological Models of Abnormality Assumes abnormal behaviour is learnt Only overt behaviour is relevant, whether adaptive or maladaptive Behavioural Model “Mental illness”/“Mental disorder” not meaningful Classical Conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory Behavioural methods can be forced on people Focus on symptoms rather that causes Risk of “ symptom substitution” Practically – orientated therapies Biological & Psychological Models of Abnormality Focuses on thinking processes which occur between a stimulus and a response (Beck, Ellis) Cognitive Model Assumes that distorted thinking is cause of emotional problems Practical, problem – solving approach to therapy Are cognitive processes cause or effect of problems? Emphasis on self-sufficiency can lead to blame and ignoring social conditions