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Thyroid gland
- Provides homeostasis and metabolic regulation.
- Increases consumption of O2 in the tissues
- It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates
and fats
- Supports protein synthesis
- Provides growth and development particularly
of the nervous system
- It is important for thermoregulation, it has
calorigenic effect
Thyroid gland
- Two types of hormones
- There are the types of iodinated thyroxine
- Thyroxine - T4 – tetrajodtyronin, 64.5 - 148
mmol/l
- Triiodothyronine - T3 - 1.5-3 mmol/l
- Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are synthesized
on blood globulin
- Molecular weight 650000
Thyroid gland
- Iodide pump resorbs per day 75 μ iodide
from the blood and it is actively
transported to colloid
- It is oxidized by peroxidase to molecular
iodine, it is then bound to the amino acid
tyrosin contained in the molecule of
thyreoglobulin
- It is called iodine organification
- Condensation of iodine on T3 and T4
Thyroid gland
- In blood thyroid hormones are in two
forms:
a) free - own effective hormone
b) binding - depot hormone
- binding globulin – TBG - thyroxine-binding
globulin and triiodothyronine (that binds
only to TBG)
- binding to albumin – TBPA - thyroxinebinding prealbumin
Thyroid gland
- calcitonin is produced by cells that lie
outside the thyroid follicles
- reduces levels of calcium and
phosphorus in the blood and prevents its
release from bones
- regulates the level of magnesium
Thyroid gland
Hypothyroidism
- endemic goiter, lack of iodine intake
- autoaggressive - autoimmune thyroid damage
thyreoiditis, Hashimoto
Symptoms
- decreased metabolism
- hypothermia
- sleepiness
- constipation
- mental retardation
- dry skin
- myxedema - shaped orange peel skin
- goiter - hypofunctional dude
Thyroid gland
Strumigens
- soybean
- plants
- lithium
- calcium
- drugs
Thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism - Graves - Basedow's disease
- hyperfunctional goiter
- toxic adenoma (hot node)
- rapid heart beating
- tremor
- muscle adynamia
- neuropsychiatric symptoms
- Basedow trias - goiter
- tachycardia
- exoftalamus (20%)