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Acronym • Original List – Moving Large Stuff • Mechanical – Grav, elast, sound – Moving Atomic Stuff • • • • • Heat Light Chemical Electrical Nuclear • MECH-’n Legs – – – – – – – – – Mechanical Electrical Chemical Heat Nuclear Light elastic gravitational sound I will wait for the sumo industrial strength walker Transfer of Energy The six Primary “forms” of energy in a nutshell Mechanical: An object in motion or position. Gravitational, Elastic, Sound Heat: Energy via moving / vibrating atomic particles Electromagnetic: Disturbance of the electromagnetic field from vibrating charged (+/-) particles Chemical: Bonds between atoms Electric: Moving Electrons Nuclear: Energy stored in the Nucleus of an Atom. Work = Energy • Work – Moving an object by pushing it. – a transference of energy • Energy: – The Ability to do work (move both large or small objects) – It’s what causes change. Three main concepts of transfer: • There is a total set amount of energy in the universe. • All energy is conserved – it’s neither created or destroyed – All forms of energy are interchangeable Remember: Work is a transference of energy Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed • Energy can only be transferred (Changed from one form to another) – Heat energy is usually a bi-product of that transfer Roller Coaster The Gravitational Potential Energy of the roller coaster transfers Into Kinetic Energy when it rolls down the hill! Watch the graphs while the coaster falls! Potential Kinetic Rocket Watch the graphs while the rocket takes off: Potential Kinetic But it isn’t as simple as that! There is more energy involved here than just Potential and Kinetic: Chemical Potential Kinetic Gravitational Potential Heat All Forms of Energy are Inter-changeable Chemical Energy Nuclear Energy Heat Energy Electromagnetic Energy Electrical Energy Mechanic Energy DVD: Energy (Discovery) Energy Form Transfer: • Any Form of energy can change into pretty much any other form of energy including a change into more than one at a time! Heat Nuclear Electromagnetic Heat Chemical Chemical Mechanical Heat Heat Electric AllDid energy also make heat! Thisenergy” heat is usually lost to space.. Think: you changes notice how many times “heat showed up? What might explain this? Conservation of Energy: The pendulum will NOT gain or lose energy when it swings! It only swings with as much energy as it is given! Application of Energy Conservation: • But we realize that pendulums WILL eventually slow down and stop swinging! This seems to contradict the Law of C.E. Friction from air resistance Both forces act to slow down and eventually stop the pendulum. • BUT IT DOESN’T! • Can you explain why the pendulum does slow down? (hint: think about forces!) Gravity is constantly pulling down Transfer of Gravitational Mechanical Energy • Pendulum – Potential & Kinetic energy go back and forth between each other. – Energy is conserved in the process. Greatest Potential Energy Greatest Kinetic Energy Transfer of Mechanical Energy Greatest Potential Energy PE=MGH G=9.8m/s2 Greatest Kinetic Energy KE+MV2 3s 3s 2s 4s 1s 5s 0s 6s Kinetic Energy KE=1/2mv2 (work = Force x Distance) Potential Energy PE=mgh Work = Weight x Height Converting Gravitational Potential to Gravitational Kinetic Where does the energy go after I drop the ball? When you drop the ball, all of the gravitational potential energy is converted into gravitational kinetic. Once it hits the ground, some of that energy is converted into elastic, heat & sound. When it bounces back up, it regains gravitational potential. Mass, Mass, Gravity Gravity & Height & Height Collision creates heat! Demo: Collision Balls – Baseball Discussion Energy & Friction • Friction turns mechanical energy into heat Chemical, Mechanical & Heat • All energy can be transferred from one form to another. For example: Chemical Mechanical Heat Converting Elastic Potential to Elastic Kinetic Energy (click to play video) What kind of energy conversions do you see here? (Click to play video) Life Sustaining Energy • Transforming Nuclear Energy into Energy We can Use. – Harvesting and changing energy so we can use it to our benefit. It all comes from somewhere… We can draw a “flow chart” to show energy changes: Gravitational Potential Mechanical Electric Electromagnetic and Heat Moving water turns a “generator” to make electricity that comes to our house and we use for lots of things The Sun – The origin of all our Energy! • The Sun is the source for all of our energy in our solar system. • The heat caused by pressure and gravity of the sun causes all energy – even the nuclear reactions! Element Table of the sun Conversion 1: Nuclear Electromagnetic & heat energy Nuclear Heat Light (EM) Conversion 2: Light Chemical (Photosynthesis) Nuclear, Electromagnetic & Heat Chemical (Photosynthesis) Conversion 3: Chemical Chemical (Meat) Chemical (Photosynthesis) Chemical (Biomass) Conversion 4: Chemical (Meat) Mechanical & Heat Mechanical (Movement) Chemical Heat Electrical Energy Transformations What forms of energy do you see in this picture? What transformed into what? Conversion 1-4: Nuclear Light Thermal GPE Nuclear Energy Electro-magnetic (light) + Heat Thermal Energy to Gravitational Potential Energy Conversion 4-7: GPE GKE Mechanical Electrical Conversion 6-9: Mechanical Electrical Light & Heat Mechanical Electrical Light & Heat Class Activity • Fill in the following transfers: • Falling Ball _____ ______ _____ + _____ + _____ Wax to burning a candle _____ ______ + ______