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The Auditory Nervous System SPA 4302 Summer 2007 The Neuron Generally: • Dendrites receive stim. • Creates ______________ – Transmitted along axon – Causes ____________ ____________ – Stimulates new neuron The Ascending Auditory Pathway Primary Auditory Cortex Medial Geniculate Body Inferior Colliculus Lateral Lemniscus Superior Olivary Complex Cochlear Nucleus VIIIth Nerve The Descending Auditory Pathways • ________________ Neurons • ______________ Neurons • Innervation of Middle Ear _____________ Olivo-Cochlear Efferent Neurons Descending Pathways from Auditory Cortex Efferent Innervation of Tensor Tympani & Stapedius Muscles Development: VIIIth N. and Central Auditory Nervous System • VIIIth nerve initially: days 25 to 45 • Spiral Ganglion, Vestibular Ganglia identifiable by day 35 • Little else known about dev. of CANS Hearing Loss and the CANS • VIIIth N: some SNHL, some normal – – – – ___________! ___________ SNHL, Initially high frequency Possibly poor Word Recognition ___________ Nerve Symptoms • Disorders of the Auditory Nerve – – – – Vestibular Schwannoma _____________ Multiple Sclerosis Auditory Neuropathy: a new dx category • Normal ________, Abnormal _______ Disorders of the Cochlear Nuclei • Kernicterus: – Result of Rh incompatibility – Hyperbilirubinemia • • • • • Cerebrovascular Accident: A brainstem stroke Congenital trauma, malformation Pressure (trauma, increased CSF pressure) Syphilis Aging Disorders of the Higher Auditory Pathways • Brainstem Tumors: – Intra-axial: contralateral or __________ deficits – Extra-axial: ____________ deficits • Higher level lesions – CVA/Stroke/Aneurysm – produce _____________ deficits Tests for Auditory Processing Disorder • ______________ • Filtered Speech • Speech with Competition – – – – _____________ Competing Sentence Tests Dichotic Digits Test Staggered _________ Word Test • Masking Level Difference Test Therapeutic Management • _____________ Modifications – Improve Signal To Noise Ratios – Pre-Teaching • ______________ Activities – Listening “Games” – Computer Based Auditory Training • ______________ Strategies – Homework Buddy
