Download Lesson 9 & 10 - The War Ends

L9 & L10: The War Ends in Europe & The Pacific
Tan Block
Agenda
Objectives:
1.
To understand a narrative of
how WWII ends.
2.
To evaluate how the
strategies for ending the war
reflect the nature of total war
in World War Two
3.
To evaluate the strategies
for ending the war in Europe
and the Pacific from both a
military and moral
perspective.
Schedule:
1.
Lecture and Discussion
Homework:
1. Process Plan Check In
One & Research Check
In One Due: Fri 5/11
(Lesson 10)
2. Socratic Seminar on
World War Two as
Moral War: Tues 5/15
(Lesson 11)
L9 & L10: The War Ends in Europe & The Pacific
Blue Block
Agenda
Objectives:
1.
To understand a narrative of
how WWII ends.
2.
To evaluate how the
strategies for ending the war
reflect the nature of total war
in World War Two
3.
To evaluate the strategies
for ending the war in Europe
and the Pacific from both a
military and moral
perspective.
Schedule:
1.
Lecture and Discussion
Homework:
1. Process Plan Check In
One & Research Check
In One Due: Fri 5/11
(Lesson 10)
2. Socratic Seminar on
World War Two as
Moral War: Mon 5/14
(Lesson 11)
Introduction
What are some possible ways
to end wars?
This is the Question Facing
the Allies in 1944
• What is the state of the war in 1944?
• Based on what you know about the war,
what are possible strategies for how the
allies can end the war in…
– Europe
– The Pacific
The War Ends in Europe
Ending the War in Europe: What is the
Allied Strategy?
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The Normandy Invasion
• Full scale assault by the Americans, British,
and Canadians on German forces by cutting
across the English channel into France along
the Normandy coast.
• Two goals:
– Open a Western Front in the war which will force
Hitler to fight both the Soviet Union to the East and
Great Britain and the United States to the West.
– Liberate France from Nazi occupation and then
move into Germany to further fight the Nazis.
• Supreme Allied Commander: United States
General Dwight Eisenhower.
Plan of Attack
• Phase One: Air Assault
– More than 13,000 fighter,
bomber, and transport
aircraft would fly over
France bombing and
parachuting in troops.
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• Phase Two: Amphibious
Landing of Infantry
– Land over 130,000 troops
on the French shore
– Largest single-day
amphibious invasion of all
time.
• Invasion Scheduled for
June 6, 1944 (D-Day)
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The End of the War In Europe
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• The Normandy
invasion marks the
beginning of the end
of World War Two.
• After the invasion,
the allied troops start
marching inland to
Germany. Within 3
months the Allies
had landed 2 million
men and half a
million vehicles.
The Allies Push Into Germany
• After fighting the Germans through Belgium,
the Allies advance into Germany from the
West.
• Russia advances through the East.
• The British also start firebombing Dresden.
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VE Day
• On May 7, 1945
German
commanders
surrender to the
Allied Powers.
• The war in Europe
ends.
• VE Day or Victory
over Europe Day.
• Despite victory over
Italy and German,
the war still raged on
against Japan.
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The War Ends in the Pacific
End of the War in the Pacific:
What is the Allied Strategy?
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The Dropping of the Bomb
• Japan given an ultimatum to
surrender or meet “prompt and
utter destruction.”
• Japan ignores the ultimatum.
• By executive order of President
Harry Truman, the United States
dropped an atomic bomb, “Little
Boy” on the city of Hiroshima on
August 6, 1945.
• When Japan still failed to
surrender, the United States
dropped another bomb, “Fat
Man,” on the city of Nagasaki on
August 9, 1945.
• Six days later, Japan surrendered
to the allied powers officially
ending World War Two.
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Effects of the Bomb
• Within the first 2 to 4 months of the bombings,
the acute effects of the attack killed 90,000 to
166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000 to
80,000 in Nagasaki.
• Roughly half of the total deaths in each city
occurred on the first day!
• In both of the cities most of the dead were
civilians.
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Mushroom
Cloud over
Hiroshima
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Hiroshima before and after the bombing
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Mushroom
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Nagasaki
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Nagasaki
before and
after
bombing
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Comparing the Two
Approaches to Ending the
War
Why These Two Approaches?
• How is each a valid military response to
the conditions of the war?
• Why do you think different strategies
were adopted in each of the theaters?
Total Allied Troops
Involved
Vehicles and
Weaponry
Enemy Combatant
Deaths
Civilian Deaths
Manner of Death
Long-Term
Consequences
D-Day
Atomic Bomb
150,000
6-12 pilots
6,900 sea vessels
12,000 aircraft
30,000 vehicles
10,000 tons of bombs
6 planes
2 atomic bombs
4,000 to 9,000
12,000 in Hiroshima
1,300
90,000 to 166,000 in
Hiroshima
60,000 in Nagasaki
(Deaths occurring over a 4
month period)
Strategies for Ending the War
& Total War
• How were each of these of strategies
representative of total war?
• In what ways were they consistent with
or did they depart from the total war we
have seen thus far?
Evaluating the Strategies for
Ending the War
• A comparison of these two approaches raises
important questions about the morality of total
war. In short, are military maneuvers just
strategy or are they also imbued with moral
values regarding the role of civilians in war?
• How do you evaluate D-Day and the dropping
of the atomic bombs over Japan as forms of
total war?
• What do the different decisions made about
how to end the war reveal about the nature of
total war in World War Two as a whole?